Science and Practice in Farm Cultivation

d appears above the ground, commences the attack by the turnip flea-beetles. The bulb is pierced by beetles, ending in those excrescences called "turnip-warbles;" an

root made useless by its being pierced and eaten by the

yia Bet?, upon which he remarks that "these insects will seldom cause any loss to the mangel-wurzel crops should they ever abound to any extent." In spite, however, of this, we find that the increased growth of this crop has caused a c

n and die off. The late rains and growing weather have enabled the plant somewhat to revive, and also fresh plants to come up (for I had drilled 7 lb. per acre), but found to-day several leaves with maggots in them. My man told me "a quantity had eaten themselves out of the leaf and dropped;" and that he saw "

myia) bet?, mangel-wurzel fly. An allied species will sometimes be found on the

ks. Mr. Curtis thinks that the best method to destroy them is to employ boys to crush the leaves between the thumb and fingers at the part where the larv? ca

he Haltica nemorum (striped flea-beetle), and H. concinna (black flea-beetle), as the na

they have the power of hopping on being

ocks and other weeds of the same natural order as the turnip; and hence, then, charlocks are

h of their mischief may be prevented by simply dusting over the young plants w

killing these little creatures. We have used a contrivan

ut 2 or 3 inches above the plants. To the other end may be attached two crooked handles in such a manner that the machine can be wheeled flatly over the plants, or if four wheels be em

as, if possible, not to throw his shadow before. The middle of the day will be best, no

on small experimental plots convinces us that a small bo

of these creatures? cannot we adopt such plans as will render our crops tolerably safe from

les from the wild crucifer? on which the first broods seem to depend, and in this small compass they can be killed in detail with the simple contrivance just described, so that when the real crop comes up there will be none, or at

s from finger-and-toe, with which it has been very much confounded, as this latter occurs in all kinds

which case it could readily be stored, is divided in fingers-and-toes, which are liable to break off, and this renders the product next to useless. Now, this affection may occur in any soil, as it is the result of a degeneracy in the stock of the plant; but in the affect

(Fig. 8

e Carrot. Hal

s are not agreed as to whether the nodules of disease are caused by insects, or whether these creatures are merely attracted by the f?tid matter. We are, however, inclined to the belief that some insects are connected with the diseased appearance in the f

eguard against this affection. Still, in soils that are liable to anbury, we should not recommend the continuance of turnip-growing, or at least not so frequently in the rotation as has hitherto been the case, and mo

affected with A

s chapter, as details of all the insect pests would occupy more space than we can here allot to the subject; but to those who

L CONC

ttention to the following practical conclusions, to which

l, or farming on the large scale; this gardening or farming being carried on by certain oper

g as the result of accident or design, or of the education of some partic

ty depends upon careful selection of th

rom; for, as running to seed, multiform top, forkiness, "finger-and-toe" in roots, is evidence of wild growth, so, then, cul

eed, or a mixture of charlock and others of the same family-are very great. Where, however, good seed can be depended upon, it is much cheaper, though at a

due to the seed; and anbury, if it be due to insects, only occurs in the turnip-crops, a

rowth,-and a watchfulness of enemies, include

D GARDE

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CE LANE, L

LISHE

AL MA

MORRIS, A

heir Manures which ar

EN BRITIS

ALL KINDS OF

re produced by the u

S MA

TOE, AND MAN

an Annual Circular, containing List o

OLVERHAMPTON,

ON MANUR

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rate of Soda, Dissolved Bo

IAL MANURES GUA

treet. EDWARD PU

R & J

Manures for Root, Co

ntee to be of th

ANDY WHARF,

5, MARK LA

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LLING P

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or Presumptive), Family Name, Political Bias, and Patronage; as also a Brief Notic

WALFORD, M.A., Ball

HARDWICKE, 19

S OF E

ad

GN

tte, and the best London newspaper especially dev

ning, after the close of the London Corn

from its large and influential circulation. Pri

ETER STREET, S

Parts, at

SH BO

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SYME, F

of this splendid

TAINS

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lies, P

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ANKED UNDER THE OR

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RE LIFE-SIZE, AND

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ns seven numbe

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out. This great work will find a place wherever botanical science is cultivated and the

HARDWICKE, 19

o., pric

full-coloured Drawings, with magnified Organs, of 144 British Grasses, and Observations

nd in cloth,

ables capable of Application as Food or Medicine, or in the Arts and Manufactu

vo., pr

pecial reference to the Esculent and other Economic Spec

the sam

. Fcap. 8vo., upwards of

use of Students and Classes. 200 Illu

, price 2s. 6d. p

ssification, arrangement of general structure, and functions, directions

by 81?2 in.; large edit

e a description of each fern, the opposite page being left blank for the collector to affix the dried specimen; forming,

escriptive letter-press, h

4s. coloured by h

lants as are most attractive from their Beauty, Uses, or Associations.

8vo.,

uide to the various points noted, showing w

HARDWICKE, 19

ON MANUR

LISHE

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IAL MANURES GUA

treet. EDWARD PU

R & J

Manures for Root, Co

ntee to be of th

ANDY WHARF,

5, MARK LA

on, crown 8v

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cles, amongst wh

ays the Great Civilizers.-Physical Education.-The Clerk of the Weather.-Village Hospitals.-Air Traction.-Illumi

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office.-Commercial Grief.- A?rated Bread.-Needlemaking.-Preserved Meats.-Wenham Lake Ice.-Turkish Baths. -Who is Mr. Reuter

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llustrated by t

H

Scienc

ERLY MI

nstructive Articles o

HENRY LA

one of the Lecturers on Natural Science under the "Science a

, are nevertheless greatly interested in scientific progress. They would willingly become acquainted with scientific truths, but are too often deterred from the pursuit of such studies by the abstruse or technical language in which these truths are conveyed. In order to me

icles (illustrated when needful) on subjects con

Geography,

Geology,

Metallurg

Microscopy,

Arts, Manufactures, Com

CONTRI

ce-President of the Zoolo

fessor, F.R

, F.C.S. (Hartley In

James,

nd, F.

f. James, F.

, C., M.A.,

ke,

as, H

William

efages, P

, W., LL.

W., M.D.

, Ge

hilip H.

, M.R.C.S.,

, Rev. W

Robert

, E.,

rof. Rym

. (Queen's Co

E., M.D.,

ster,

, Geo

s, M

., M.B., P

., Ph.D.,

F.C.S. (Roya

C.S. (Agricultural

ake a prominent part in

t and freshest of the

d best periodicals. In this its second, as in its first number, it is fully up to the very highest standard fixed by its conductors. We wish

anical history, and the study of which is of great importance. These Microscopic Fungi are the dread of the farmer and the gardener.

pears in October, January, Apri

ers, 10s. per Ann

HARDWICKE, 192,

E AND

CULTI

KMAN, F.L

.

ROW GOOD

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WICKE, 192,

8

, price 7s. 6d. c

Parts,

E AND

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KMAN, F.L

te Series

O GROW G

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WICKE, 192,

ROW GOOD