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versible process (one unaccompanied by loss) betwee

-T2

lows to the lower level, and the surplus can no longer be brought back to the higher level T2 without some special expenditure. W. Thomson (1852), accordingly, drew attention to the fact, that in all non-reversible, that is, in all real thermal processes, quantities of heat are lost for mechanical work, and that a

ty of heat Q_{1} is taken from the level T_{1}, and the quantity Q_{2} is deposite

) + (Q2

ompound reversible cycles Clau

T =

temperature to c

T =

nts imparted to it, positive. If the process is not reversible, then expression (4), which Clausius calls en

gy of the world

y of the world ten

al energy here mentioned must strike us. Whence is this peculiarity derived, for, generally every energy passes o

case is different. Heat can suffer a fall of potential without sustaining a loss of energy, at least according to the customary mode of estimation. If a weight sinks, it must create perforce kinetic energy, or heat, or some other form of energy. Also, an electrical charge cannot suffer a fall of potential without loss of energy, i.

wholly superfluous r?le, which is assigned to it only from habit.[58] To maintain the principle of energy in the face of a knowledge of the dissipation or waste of mechanical energy, in the face of the increase of entropy is equivalent almost to the liberty which Black took when he regarded the heat of liquefaction as still present bu

n this way is best seen the utter tautology of a statement that the entropy of the world increases with the