Library Bookbinding

d no machinery, and the books may speedily be replaced on the shelves for general use. Large or medium sized libraries can

ing department they should be s

ed, (d) mended, (e) discarded; to have (f) new si

xcept those in the first group

ich need new records (tags, pockets, book cards, etc.). The decision is not always an easy one to make. The kind of library in question, whether public, colleg

the bindery in a few months' time, send to the bindery at once. Mending

gain. Judicious mending of such books may keep them in service for a long time, b

withdrawn absolutely when worn out. The question need be decided only when

e on the library shelves,

d papers which will not pay to rebind.

completely broken, though it is sometimes p

roken corners m

act and covers in good condition, if

hich have worn cov

NG MA

esi

e there are various recipes for paste, eit

1

flour,

d alum,

ine, 1

ergreen,

, 1-1

ntil smooth and clear; take from the fire and add the glycerine and oil of wintergreen. This quantity will make

2

of flour

ul of alum,

th teaspoonful

f boilin

strain through a wire sieve. Add the remainder of the boiling water and cook, stirring constantly until partially clear. Add the oil of clove and put into a clea

d or formaldehyde to prevent spoiling. A small quantity of

ready to use. The powders are cheap, keep indefinitely, but when needed must be mixed with water, and as a rule are not very satisfactory. Higgins' and other photo-mounting pastes are expensive and dry too quickly, but keep indefinitely. In the long run the most satisfactory pastes are those in tin cans with tight lids; these are ready to use, do not dry up and the preservative which they co

ll injure the book less than other adhesives, but it should be used sparingly on books that must be rebound. When applied to the backs of loose sig

e is to be applied. It can be spread more evenly with the finger, faster with a soft, long-handled brush. The larger libraries will find a pasting-machine a great time-saver. Book

lue, however, is a necessity for recasing and recovering books. It keeps indefinitely, ca

ary. If paste is not the suitable material to

l

have been pasted and applied, and for quickly cleaning the hands of superfluous paste or glue.

g sections and occasionally for forming joints. Jaconet i

m grade of this cloth i

re-siding, any cloth in grade 1 (see page 75) is sufficiently good. For recovering cloths in the grade which meets the req

ly read, is sometimes pasted over the entire surface of pages which receive very hard usage

Philadelphia, manufacture hinges made of cloth. While these are often useful they cannot be used

pe

through. While it may be obtained gummed on one side, very little is gained, for it is nearly as easy to paste the ungummed

es good end papers in recasing and recovering. A 70-pou

ed as covers for books that it will scarcely pay to put into stouter covers. It may be o

re

ry for making various repairs. The best are Ha

mo

down surfaces of highly glazed

el

black ink they should have a covering of shellac. A supply of th

terials, such as powdered pumice stone, spon

O

ld

sting fifteen cents each, should

iv

g paper after it is folded and for various other uses. A sharp, pointed knif

is

-bladed, b

ed

ook-sewin

mm

down the backs of sections, or the entire book wh

r

for a small sum. There are one or two inexpensive small presses which are not so heavy as the letter-press, but which hold a larger number of books and are fairly satisfactory. The most satisfactory press is a

ss-

into the joints of books may be necessary. They m

ng B

is a necessity. Ordinarily books needin

ue

sity if recovering or recasing is t

us

ill be used for pasting, while glue will require a lar

ng Ma

aver. There are several on the market. In the Wilmington Library the "Univer

ing-

by photographers, is useful in the mending

EA

is to remove such dirt or stains as can rea

a

ia rubber eraser. The latter should never be used unless the paper is excellent in quality. Bread crumbs rolled in a ball or powdered pumice stone put on with a dry cloth will often give

ith Javelle water, a preparation used in French la

ng soda in four and a half pints of boiling water, and immediately pour it into the first mixture. When cold add enough water to make eleven pints in all. Stra

slowly and the pages held flat to prevent tearing. Rub from the inside outward. All traces of pumice stone, rubber, etc., should be careful

a weak solution of chlorine water and then transfe

ned blotters enclosed between dry blotters and press. This can be repeated until t

tors (oxalic acid followed by chloride of lime). Stains from

y be sandpapered. In this case the book sho

nt Milde

aim ordinary books which can easily be replaced. It is a different matter when it comes to rare books and especially to manuscripts which cannot be replaced. Mr. J. I. Wy

to a second blotting paper. At all of these stages pressure was applied to facilitate the drying and keep the documents from wrinkling.... When each leaf had thus passed through these three drying processes, those belonging to the same volume were collected and carefully tied up in boxes or se

ve

covers, such as keratol, durabline, or fabrikoid, is an advantage. Miss Margaret Brown, in her pamphlet on mending, Library handbook No. 6, advises the use of a wash as foll

by covering with a blotter and ironing with a hot iron

eipts see Coutts and Stephen's "Manu

ed must be dampened a

ht colored cloth and on books in towns where the atmosphere is very smoky. It is a process which takes some time since two coats of shellac must be applied, and

nated simply by having its cover and edges

ND

e done by inexperienced assistants, for an uni

n P

ended in any one of

per one-half inch wide, a little longer than the tear to be covered, put throug

one-half inch wide and apply as above. If onion skin is not available a very thin, tough bond paper will do ver

esirable to make as good a job as

issue paper will adhere to the torn edges. Put under the press; when dry the superfluous tissue paper should be torn off, taking care to pull always toward the tear and f

t from the middle of each a piece a little larger than the letter-press of the book; trim the torn leaf so that it remains somew

t it is not strictly necessary. When very much of this mending i

th cloth. The best cloth for this purpose is crepeline, through which the text can be easily read. When applying it put a thin l

e Le

y be inserted i

in of the leaf to project. Paste this exposed surface and attach it to the adjoining lea

e to turn over about one-eighth of an inch of back margin, using some kind of straight edge for this purpose. Apply paste to turned over part and press the

e leaf to one side and attach the other side to the adjoining leaf in the book. It will be necessary to work quickly because the paper strips w

of common soft string by drawing it over a board covered with paste. Then d

Sign

t in its proper place in the book. Thread a darning-needle with Hayes' No. 25 thread (or Barbour No. 40), pass the needle through the hole at top of the section (the kettlestitch hole) in such a way as to bring it out at the top of the book between the book and the loose back. Draw thread through, allowing a few inches to remain inside the section. Drop needle through the loose back, insert i

ht

ong as the book. Sew the section to the middle of the guard, and paste the guard to the book, one-half to each of the adj

e Jo

r should be bound at once; but if it is deemed best to attempt mending it, a strip of jaconet should be cut 1-1/4 inches wide and the length of the book. Paste one-half of this to the cover and the other to the ad

cover the back of the book with canton flannel which extends three-fourths of an inch on each side. When dry, paste the entire back

d by applying paste with a long-handled paste brush to the backs of the signatures.

-Le

this one-half inch, paste it on the outside and attach it to the old fly-leaf. If necessary, this may be used as a new end paper and

ir o

ey can be inserted in books. Repairs may be made with onion skin paper or any other thin, tough paper, the same as is done with torn leaves in

It is best to have this done by a regular binder, but i

the map placed on top, back down, all wrinkles having been removed. Millboards or strawboards are then placed on th

ted there will be one-eighth of an inch space between sections, so that the map itself will not be defaced t

SING

ng the backs of the signatures. Lift the lining-paper from the back and front boards of the cover and remove the old super. Scrape with a knife the

er than the height of the book, wide enough to cover the b

hen the water comes to a boil the glue, which must be used hot to get good results, will

spread the glue on the inside of the back of the cover

place just glued; then rub down

n the table so that no leaves will

k firmly in the ha

y glued to the back of the cover, care being tak

the left hand, with the right hand push the book firmly bac

with a bone folder a

nside covers. This is necessary, because it is frequently impossible to turn bac

OVE

be used only when books d

from the main

cover until the two boards are clean, being careful not to cut into the b

ps of leather have been placed over the back, paste the ends of these strips of leather to the end pa

One of these should be a 60-pound and the other an 80-pound manila paper, both guarded entirely around the fold with jaconet. Whipstitch the 60-pound fly-leaves to the first and la

t paper the size of the book and paste on the entire surface of the fly leaves which a

ves and end papers the

k with corresponding numbe

n one-eighth of an inch of the back

e across the back between mark

book. Place the boards on the cloth, allowing the

round boar

ately an inch and a quarter all

entire surfac

previously made, pressing d

oth between the boards, to prevent the glue from sticking to the back o

loth and turn it straight in over the corner of the board. Next tu

nd the corners, and creas

formed into a pres

one-half inch shorter than the height of the book and

e book and put on the m

ire surface of t

-hand cover, draw up the left-hand cover and lay it on top. Open the book, rub down

k in press

er with black or white

SID

epartment with the cloth sides badly frayed at the corners or edges. If the

smooth off the inside of t

f cloth a little la

and place on the book, turning in the

ook in t

te a single end paper ove

NFO

on the whole to have reinforcing done by regular library binders, the work can be done in large libraries that have proper equipment and labor. The essential p

ure use. If the call number is to be gilded it will be easier

80-pound manila, guarded with jaconet on one side of the sh

t sections of the book, being careful that sti

which have just been oversewed, and pa

over it a piece of thin canton flannel cut as long as the book and wide

nel which projects on th

he proper side of the cover. Glue the side rem

k until sure that the glu

f white shellac and one of varnish, after whi

OR PAMPHL

d the exact size of the two cov

zine or pamphlet, if possib

carefully at the joints with a folder so that it wil

ble glue and press it firmly into the impro

the middle of the book put the needle through from the inside to the

ch from the head of the book. The needle must come thr

stance from the tail of the book and again put t

tch was taken and tie to the thread left projecting in suc

ver previously remove

ose two inches thick, provided that the use they will receive is slight. In the ca

BE

d on the book. Much objection exists to these gummed labels, because it is claimed that they come off very easily and the work soon has to be done over again. Undoubtedly this is true if the label

be remembered in

the middle and some at the bottom. The exact distance from the bottom of the book is not one of great importance, but the bottom of the label should not be less than 1-1/4 inches from

This seems sufficiently obvious, but as a matter of fact many assi

directions sho

this, use ammonia diluted somewhat with water. Use a brush about the width of the label and draw across the back of the book at the proper p

s, or better still, they may be dipped quickly in hot water with a pair of tweezers. In using some labels it is not inadvisable to cover the gummed surface with a thin coating of paste. As soon as the label is pasted on the b

r, when the first coating is thoroughly dry, cover with a thicker coating of shellac. This should

ise. If very thin, put labels on front covers, near the b

dy had labels, the process is the sam

a and water to the label, allowing it to soak in. When thoroughly moistened, remove with

TER

H

ing on a label which holds the lettering. If the surface be glazed, it can be bro

ficult for a novice to use white ink, but it can be handled satisfactorily if one uses a stub pen which is kept perfectly clean and is

, apply shellac as de

h T

connection with a regular bindery. Call numbers, however, are so much more legible and permanent when put on with type that it should always be done whenever the number of accessions is sufficiently large to warrant the employment of some person to do the work. It does not, however, need experi

should never be used); long-bladed knife with straight edge for cutting gold leaf; cutting pad; gas burner simila

ld leaf, cotton batting, sweet oil, some specially prepa

ly by binders can be obtained from any binders'

til it is a light froth. Let stand a few hours and strain through a piec

bench, backs up, books on which

cross the back, leaving a straight line. If the application of glaire makes that part of the book appear radically different from the rest of

by screens from all draughts. If the gold leaf does not lie unwrinkled on the cutting pad breathe on it lightly.

, beginning at the right, and

back up, firm

be stamped, being careful to cover thoroughly this su

eaf which will instantly stick. It can then be transferre

the glaire in such a way as to cause the gold to adhere. It is better to have the type too cold rather than too hot. If it is too cold, the gold will not stick and t

ntation. If the materials are of the right quality, the work carefully done

it is capable of taking up, it may be sent to a dealer who will refine it and give credit for the gold whic

lack ink specially made for this purpose. It is much easier to use than gold, since the ink