Marvels of Modern Science

Present Day Float

er Accommodation-Foo

nd Foo

s within the present generation. To-day huge leviathans glide over the wave

the engines, and heralded the dawn of a new day in transatlantic travel. No other steamboat attempted the trip for almost twenty years after, until in 1838 the Great Western made the run in fifteen days. This revolutionized water travel and set the whole world talking. It was the beginning of the passing of the sailing ship and was an event for rejoicing. In the old wooden hulks with their lazily

e. The poor emigrants who were compelled through stress and poverty to leave their homes for a foreign country feared not toil in a new land, but they feared the long voyage with its attending horrors and dangers. Dangerous it was,

point and the mighty monsters of steel and oak now cut through the waves

ss tonnage was 1,154 and her horse power 750. She carried only first-class passengers and these only to the limit of one hundred. There was not much in the way of accommodation as the quarters were cramped, the staterooms small and the sanitation and ventilation defective. It was on the Britannia that Charles Dickens crossed over to America in 1842 and he has given us in his usual style a pen picture of his impressions aboard. He stated that the saloon reminded him of nothing so much as of a hearse, in which a number of half-starved stewards attempted to

st speed she developed was eight and one-half knots or about nine and three-quarters miles an hour. She covered the passage from Liverpool to B

minutes, which was considered the limit for many years to come. It was not long however, until the Cunard lowered the colors of the White Star, when the Lucania in 1893 brought the record down to five days and twelve hours. For a dozen years or so the limit of speed hovered round the five-and-a-half day mark, the laurels being shared alternately by the vessels of the Cunard and White Star Companies. Then the Germans entered the field of competition with steamers of from 14,500 to 20,000 tons register and from 28,000 to 40,000 horse power. The Deutschland soon began setting the pace for the ocean grey

in the world,-the very last word in ocean travel. On her last mid-September voyage the Mauretania has broken all ocean records by making the passage from Queenstown to New York in 4 days 10 hours and 47 minutes. But they are closely pursued by the White Star greyhounds such as the Oceanic, the Celtic and the

d will be the largest ships afloat. However, it is said that freight and passenger-room is being more considered in the construct

rned, but as the Mauretania and Lusitania are best known, a description of either of these will convey an idea to stay-at-homes o

re popular. This modern triumph of the naval architect and marine engineer was built by the firm of Swan, Hunter & Co. at Wellsend on the Tyne in 1907. The following are her dimens

0 sailors, 350 stewards, a couple of score of stewardesses, 50 cooks, the officers and captain, besides a maritime band, a dozen or so tele

oilers. The engines develop 68,000 horse power; they are fed by 192 furnaces; the heating surface is 159,0

ns is 180 to the minute. The coal daily consumed by the fiery maw of the furnaces is enormous. On one trip be

ter. On the boat deck which extends over the greater part of the centre of the ship are located several of the beautiful en suite cabins. Abaft thes

t and also indulge in games and sports with all the freedom of field life. Many life boats swing on davits

f cabins. What are known as the regal suites are on both port and sta

class dining saloon below and to the third-class cabins on the main and lower decks. The third-class galleys are accommodated on the main deck house and close by is a set of the refrigerating machinery used in connection with the rooms for the storage of supplies for the kitchen department. The side of the ship for a considerable dist

ase on the deck house is a chil

being forward, for the first amidships and for the second near the stern; 470 first-class

hold workers are located in rooms above the machinery with separate entrances and exits to and from their work. Promenade and exercise space is provided for them on the shelt

accommodation for the stewards and other helpers. The "orlop" or eighth deck is devoted entirely to

t is oak and mahogany. There are over 50,000 square feet of oak in parquet flooring. All the carving

ntury; the panels are of French walnut; the carving of columns and pi

t is as though you were looking at shimmering marble, this is owing to the lightness of the panels which are sycamore stained in light gray. The mantelpiece is of

of exquisite workmanship. Some of the panels are of curiously woven tapestries, the fruit of oriental looms. Chandeliers of beautiful design in rich bronze and crystal depend from the ceiling. The curtains, hanging with their soft folds against the dull gold of the carved curtainboxes, are of a charm

rt of the room is a jube passageway extending the whole length and divided into recesses with divans and card tables. Writing tables may b

s nursery off the main stairway in the deck house is done in mahogany. Enameled whi

bedrooms, bathroom and a private corridor. The drawing- and dining-rooms of these suites are paneled in East India satin-wood,

hangings and draperies. An idea of the richness and magnificence of the interior decorations may

rtment. Electric motors mix dough, run grills and roasters, clean knives and manipulate plate racks and other articles of the kitchen. The main cooking range for th

s to mention: Forty thousand pounds of fresh beef, 1,000 lbs. of corned beef, 8,000 lbs. of mutton, 800 lbs. of lamb, 600 lbs. of veal, 500 lbs. of pork, 4,000 lbs. of fish, 2,000 fowls, 100 geese, 150 turkeys, 350 ducks, 400 pigeons, 250 p

erfection as possible. Not alone is the heating thoroughly up to modern science requirements but the ventilation as well, by mean

ft the main engine room containing four tur

rough which one can be connected with any department of the vessel. When in harbor, either at Liverpool or New York, the wires a

he entire trip and learn the news of the world the same as if they were on land. A bu

en to every separate department. There are boxes with hydrant and valve in each room and a system of break glass fire

sh lavatories on all decks in marble and onyx and with all

es. Now 68,000 horses placed head to tail in a single line would reach a distance of 90 miles or as far as from New York t

coming, which probably will cross the Atlantic ocean in less than four days if not in

nt regulations restricting the length of piers to 800 feet. Docking space along the shore of New York harbor is too valuable to permit the ship being berthed pa

re already on the stocks at Belfast and are expected to arrive early in 1911. Before they come ch

horse-power added involves an addition to machinery weight of approximately 14 tons and to the are

must remember that in the harbors of New York or Liverpool the channels are not much beyond 30 feet in depth. High speed necessitates powerful engines, but if the engines be too large there will not be space enough for coal to feed the furnaces. If the breadth of the ship is increased