Through Magic Glasses and Other Lectures

, besides the observatory. And a strange room it was. The walls were hung with skulls and bones

among these were pieces of broken pottery, some rough and only half-baked, others beautifully finished, as the Romans knew how to finish them. Rough needles made of bone lay beside bronz

ed in them long, long ago. He had been to the south of France to see the famous caves of the Dordogne, to Belgium to the caves of Engis and E

fore his class the wonderful story of the life of man before history began. And as the day was hot, and the

re feeding on the plains. As he looked southward and eastward he saw that the sea no longer washed the shores, for the English and Irish Channels were not yet scooped out. The British Isles were still part of the continent of Europe, so that animals could migrate overland from the far south, up to what is now England, Scotland, and Ireland. Many of these animals, too, were very different from any now living in the c

o were knocking pieces of flint together, trying to strike off splinters and make rough flint tools, such as they saw their fathers use. Not far off from them a woman with a wild beast's

re-shaped teeth struggling with a powerful stag. In vain the deer tried to stamp on his savage foe or to wound him with his antlers; the strong teeth of the tiger had penetrated his t

g.

ithic

strange weapons made of rough pointed flints fastened into handles by thongs of skin, and as the tiger turned upon them with a cry of rage they met him with a rapid shower of blows. The fight raged fiercely, for

loading it upon their shoulders set off up the hill towards the cave,

g.

ithic

h of Machairodus or sabre-toothed tiger, from Kent's Cavern,

en a huge pile was lighted at the mouth of the cave to cook the food and keep off wild beasts. How the food was cooked the magician could not see, but he guessed that the fl

cave mingling with the sabre-shaped teeth of the tiger, and this reminded him of the bones of the

sun was high in the heavens. Then all was astir again, for weapons had been broken in the fight, and some of the men sitting on the ground outside the cave placed one flint between their knees, and striking another sharply against it drove off splinters, leaving a pointed end and cutting edge. They spoiled many before they made one to their liking, and the entrance to the cave was strewn with splin

r, and with him had gone the lion, the southern elephant, and other summer visitors. In their place large herds of reindeer and shaggy oxen had come down from the north and were spread over the plains, scraping away the snow with their feet to feed on the grass beneath. The mammoth, too, or hairy elephant, of the same extinct species as those which have been found frozen in solid ice under a sandbank

e of savage man. Here he saw many new things, for the men used arrows of deer-horn and of wood pointed with flint, and with these they shot the birds, which were hovering near in hopes of finding food d

g.

d on ivory by P

be recognised upon the horn handle. This he laid carefully aside, and taking a piece of ivory, part of the tusk of a mammoth, he worked away slowly and carefully till the children grew tired of watching and went off to play behind the fire. Then the magician, glancing over his shoulder, saw a true figure of the mammoth scratched upon the ivory, his hairy skin,

nturies, or even thousands of years. Only this is known, that, since he lived, the mammoth, the sabre-toothed tiger, the cave-bear, the woolly rhinoceros, the cave-hy?na, the musk-sheep, and many other animals have

with the marks of their teeth, and these had become buried in a thick layer of earth. The magician knew that these teeth marks had been made by hy?nas, both because living hy?nas leave exactly such marks on bones in the present day, and because the hy?na bones alone were not gnawed, showing that no animals preyed upon their flesh. He knew too that the hy?nas had been there long after man had ceas

nts, rhinoceroses, lions, and tigers were gone never to return, and near the caves in which some of the people lived, and the rude underground huts which formed the homes of others, tame sheep and goats were lying with dogs to watch them. Also, though the land was still covered with dense forests, yet here and there small clearings had been made, where patches of corn and flax were growing. Naked children still played about as before, but now they w

g.

ic impl

lt, a polished stone weapon, from Livermore

d stone weapons, but neatly cut and polished. Stone axes with handles of deer-horn, stone spears and javelins, stone arrowheads beautifully finished, sling-stones and scrapers, were among their weapons and tools, and with them they made many delicate implements of bone. On the broad lakes which here and there b

d them to cross the sea; for many of their weapons were made of greenstone or jade, and of other kinds of stone not to be found in Europe, and their sheep and goats were animals of eastern origin. They understood how to unite to protect their homes, for they made underground huts by digging down several feet into the ground an

ch had been the home of the ancient hunters, now resounded with the voices of the shepherds, who,

g.

in Neolit

n they went to where two upright slabs of stone with another laid across them formed the opening to a long mound or chamber. Into this the bearers passed with lighted torches, and in a niche ready prepared placed the dead chieftain in a sitting posture with the knees drawn up, placing by his side his flint spear and polished axe, his necklace of shells, and the bowl from which he had fed. Then followed the funeral feast, when, with shouts a

hatchets, swords and spears; and they fashioned brooches and bracelets of bronze and gold, though they still also used their necklaces of shells and their polished stone weapons. They began, too, to keep ducks and fowls, cows and horses; they knew how t

ough-shares, and they lived in well-built huts with stone foundations. Their custom of bur

g.

sh re

Bronze weapon from a Suffolk barrow. 3

with leather. Still many of the country people who laboured in the field kept their old clothing of beast skins; they grew their corn and stored it in cavities of the rocks; they made basket-work boats covered with skin, in which they ventured out to sea. So things went on for a long period till at last a troubled time came, and t

g.

ing refuge

hey knew nothing of the woman who had dropped her stone spindle-whorl into the fire, on which the food of Neolithic man had been cooking in rough pots of clay; they never dug down to the layer of gnawed bones, nor did they even in their dreams picture the hy?na haunting his ancient den, for a hy?na was an animal

ze daggers, and all their little household treasures which they had saved in their flight. And among these, mingling in the heap, he recognised Roman coins bearing the inscript

crossed the sunny grass plot of the quadrangle and entered his classroom. The boys wondered as he began his lecture at the far-away look in his eyes. They did not know how he h

N

y across D

of rays of

, wild as

ydippe allie

etween old and n

or Ja

called so by

ur o

Variable

d?, 156 a coloure

tion of origina

bula of, 162, 164 doubl

a-mat, 191 numbe

s and stony

inct, living

a ruby-re

oids of

a of lic

, Lunar,

ar crater, 10 smo

nds, lich

, colour

ar crater, 10, 24

, a lunar

old st

se of Cen

t?nio

glaucus, 61

forms allie

d of Af

absence of i

wild hors

Paradoxa, a

rowing on

thrown up o

., on binar

iple star n

rmentati

a star in

beneath, formed

movements o

a star in

in Great B

s, 154,

or Spha

, distribu

volca

coloured dou

caves, 224 ornament

Dartmo

pon and br

thread

Abbey, mo

a fung

Neolithic

ellation, 162 coloure

a binary

ic, 47 attached to

triple colou

image of, form

, constella

olour of t

f compared with

destroyed b

untains on

hree period

nd Neolithic, 210 Pa

roamed

ic life

ook refug

f mushroom, 69 o

e, from S

, his drawing

, 155 part of

f drift

ble in wag

ured star i

amygdalum,

cle, action

on companion

k of tel

nceolatum, a

e of Const

?, grow

hotographed Ori

e, coin of

ons, maps o

unar crater, 10

treaks a

lphate in

ony seaweed, 17

like Sert

of the

re of the su

his plate of col

g from a, 98 interi

-plain

, 13, 17, 19, 20 of ear

s in volcan

, two periods o

n artificial lavas

ving jelly-ball, 187

oloured doub

rings on, 57, 58

e figu

ies

is photograp

nies, black s

a grow

a hyal

ed fossil, 39 li

ing a broken

caves of t

photographed Or

ndifolia on

horse-ass o

sert, wild ho

ure of vol

round the, 8 magnetic st

melted matte

mpanying volcani

ed jets and coron

e moon, 23 lurid

s, how

ry, engraved

a mus

Engihoul

aves in, 210 in Pa

ed horses

r horse of

nus, the ho

es, a luna

g a broken s

a fun

f Vesuvius,

a lunar c

necessity for

the, 29-32 mode of

ighted,

panned by t

he sun's fa

ntioned in Merry W

h of,

aused by f

ancient tim

hepatica,

etons of p

mat, 187 struct

gus kill

es, 33 dis

rtificial lav

of mushrooms, 6

osse

aweed

a, urn of the, 89,

of, 59 differe

ng inse

on wou

use

reen cells i

advice of

ectrum

led by spec

e constell

a double col

f mushr

ema mar

fermentati

Palmella c

sland thro

earance of s

fung

nstellation, 157 b

uble star i

Neolithic we

in the Litt

ains, caves

Neolithic

olcanic isl

otograph of mo

um, burie

coloured dou

stream flowing b

rawing of Co

of prominences, 135 o

f colour i

gle-celled pla

the Pampas, 19

hiz ste

alsky

story of

f foot and

ton o

migration o

ncient cav

ghest peak in Lu

us of lens, 33 of s

ld stone, 213

plant-

springs of, 79 sola

ass o

ial ear

in a seasi

of a seaside

f the

ites in

lava comp

olcanic th

he second

ithic weap

., on sun pro

on volcano

gles invadin

bular hypo

rough stone imp

crater, 10 str

or wild

orm registe

or Kul

Prof., on s

or Kia

par artificia

f., sun-spot

bular hypot

lowing, 99 reserv

re o

ially m

of crystalli

tory of a, 100 s

ling of s

lettuce, stru

constella

e artificial

the eye, 31 simp

tificial lav

f from life, 77 the

ons o

ution o

ication

f succes

e, magnifying

during eclipse, 24 sif

n's face, 123 suppos

, fungi o

ze bracele

le-star and gua

on sun-promine

nnines fi

ouble-binar

dus, too

, carvings fr

to use them, 27 what

chamber, 1

lls

of ancient

ection of sun

glass, acti

graved on

nstellatio

tes, fairy-ring

tation from

ne age, 212 of N

s, a toed

ss, 109, 110, 113, 115 for

3 action o

are fu

49 Cassiopei

ystallising

ase of tempe

r lesser toe

oured star in the G

e and activ

ient, of D

thrown up

the, 6 course

of t

the, 10, 13

of fu

out pla

phere in

of eclip

on during

af magn

of a, 84, 92 a st

ema of

new growt

ication

of a,

ds of, 77 advantages

ungi, 60 how

he moon, 19 fo

figured, 61

dykes in the

ages and spawn of,

stages

of gil

es o

Scotch

mould, 63 of

ry rin

on seen at, 96 Monte Nu

bright luna

ion, 149 spe

raphs

eiade

omeda,

ne, from a

ts, 219 industries

als,

visible to

his drawing

rowing on

ngi on

gician's, 2 astrono

lava behi

or volcani

on of a s

wild ass

erve of

on of, 147, 149 gr

hs of Neb

double st

, or Trap

f ancient B

, a toed

i?, grow

c man, 212

, 21

ld horses

ucum, figured,

eclipse, 23 o

ia of li

a lunar

ra, 3, 47 attache

moon, 13, 19 of g

stars,

e sun

re of the

tric shocks at dur

f plant

moon, 10 nat

single-celled, 65 si

of in li

nt skele

r crater, 10,

he, 153 neb

a single-cel

, or Charle

in Charles

he, 161 a ye

a yellow

red seaweed, 1

hair moss, 88 its urn

ants of a sea

ones, forma

as, 146 on drifting o

rum and sun-spec

the sun, 125 seen in

e of

ccus ni

ma of a

y's wild

a lunar c

7, 70 use of

of the

ruption nea

, herds

the solar s

uring volcani

the sky, 53,

single-cel

the star,

arving on h

molten rock un

ent of Vesu

e, 31 image of o

inia, infusori

rion, 149 a colour

rowth of

ph of Orion's nebula, 152 and

ula of And

telescope, 46 on

le in his t

s photograph o

n plan

island f

distan

nvasion o

r, on sun-sp

f volcan

onnet" mu

t, see

nar, so-c

roup of, 175

, on depth of

photograph

tell us of ou

a, structure of,

coralline, res

e on fairy

aw volcanic isl

far and

estroyed b

a bluish w

of caused by

of the

s caused by

ings in the, 53

a fung

e in the s

f ancient Ves

f mushr

late of co

pe, 3 Kirc

vealed b

visio

g ligh

to tele

f sunlight

own-green seaweed

ss, 77, 93 structu

from Neolith

of mosses,

ulds, 63 of

iche

osse

f, by the moon, 24

elling round

ter in Pe

pths, 1

he, 40, 42 visible

motion of

of, 1

lky w

ary

otion

ting

nown and es

rs of

colou

f colou

tres of sola

r wild h

ight, on th

e weapon from

oon round the, 8 o

look at

hrown on a

aph of

orona, and fac

of face

clipse

line ro

in spectr

ng laye

in th

tburst in

ection with t

ow sta

ching moon dur

of, 137 proving s

re o

nd unqu

tion

on Dart

a wild h

wild hors

Abbey, mon

rk, adjusting a, 2

power of

nt,

stria

e seen in

s photographe

oscope is work

of compared to l

drawing of ecl

re, under

ula, a transparen

re-toothed

caria o

7, 70 use of

ient stone pe

machair

Magician's

Dartmo

um of O

esenterica

ormed of

ns and mosses

crater, 10 de

streaks

weed, 175 a secti

f an ec

mosses

carbo, or

le sta

e sun, 166 double-b

f mush

lavas imi

f 1868 described, 97

of in A.D

h and moon compared, 16

he microscope

agram of an

f discussed, 101, 102

ric shocks at dur

Pal?olithi

ter growt

ithout E

growt

man coins in

herds

al lig

E

& CO.'S PU

rabella B. Buckley. With 74 Il

ent place in the literatur

ened the book, we do not know how to

m the Am?ba to the Insects. By Arabella B. Buckley

y of zo?logy-the science of living things-which, we

boned Family. By Arabella B. Buckley. With

o incorporate in her book the latest results of scientific research. The illustrations in

om the Time of the Greeks to the Present Time. By Arabella B. Buckley.

read by many persons of riper age, and may serve to implant in their minds a fuller and clear

ate Nature. A Book for Young Readers. With 322 Illust

le Life; Curiosities of the Insect and Reptile World; Ma

incent, author of "The Land of the White Elephant," etc. With Maps, Plans, a

and ascended the Paraná, Paraguay, Amazon, Orinoco, and Magdalena Rivers; he visited the crater of Pichinchas, 16,000 feet above the sea-level; he explored falls in the center of the continent, which, though meriting the title of "Niagara of South America," a

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rney across Siberia. By Lionel F. Gowing. With Ma

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ners and customs of the people; the institutions, tendencies, an

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his appreciation of what is beautiful in nature is healthy, hearty, and catholic. His record of the garden year, as we have said, begins with the earliest violet, and it follows the season through until the witch-hazel is blossoming on the border of the wintry woods.

By T. F. Thiselton Dyer

ry-lore, in witchcraft and demonology, in religion, in charms, in medicine, in plant langua

ts style bright and alluring; authorities are cited at the foot of the page, and a full index is appended.... To all who seek an i

Allen, author of "Vignettes of Nature,

ches in the magazines have well been called fascinating, and the present volume, being a collection of

they come to be so; in other words, a scientific study of the migration and transformation of plants, illustrated by the daisy, the strawberry, the cleavers, wheat, the mountain tul

ucoudray's "Histoire Sommaire de la Civilisation." Edited by the Rev. J.

, Assyria, the Far East, of Greece and Rome in the most comprehensive manner. It is not the arts alone which are fully illustrated, but the literature, laws, manners, and customs, the beliefs of all these countries are contrasted. If the book gave alone the history of the mo

Selected, with Notes and Brief Biographical Sketches, by G. T

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gs form the staple of history. These pen-portraits often stand out from the narrative with luminous and vivid effect, the writers seeming to have concentrated upon them all their powers of p

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