Gas-Engines and Producer-Gas Plants

untered. In the one the jacket of the engine is supplied with running water; in the other, reservoirs are employed, the c

ich are precipitated by reason of the sudden change of temperature to which the water is subjected as it comes into contact with the walls of the cylinder. That part of the water-jacket surrounding the head or explosion-chamber, where the temperature is necessarily the highest, becomes literally covered with calcareous incrustations, which are the more harmful because they are bad conductors of heat and because they reduce and even obstruct the passage exactly at the point where the water must circulate most freely to do any good. If the circulating water be pumped into the jacket, it is preferable, wherever possible, to use cistern water, which is not likely to contain lime salts in suspension. If river water be used, it should be free from the objections

oir, it is essential that the reservoi

ne. Another cock at the end of the outlet-pipe near the reservoir serves, in conjunction with the first, to arrest the circulating water. When the weather is very cold or when the cylinder must be repaired, these two cocks may be closed, and the pipe and water-jacket of the cylinder

rmo-siphon c

the pipes the author recommends the utilization of sluice-valves of

Vanne slu

r such a disposition is doubly disadvantageous in so far as it does not permit a sufficiently rapid cooling of the circulating water by reason of the high temperature of the surrounding air, and in so far as it is liable to cause the formation of vapors which injuriously affect the engine. Consequently, the reservoir s

gine. Good circulation cannot be attained if the water must overcome inclines or obstacles in the pipes themselves. Instead of elbows, long curves of great radius, limited to the smallest possible number, should be employed. This is particularly true of the return-pipe extending from the cylinder back to the reservoir. For this pipe a minimum incline of 10 to 15

arrangement of

Under these conditions, the reservoir should have a capacity of 45 to 55 gallons per horse-power for engines with "hit-and-miss" admission, and 55 to 65 gallons for en

t arrangement of

ould be connected in such a manner that the top of the first communicates with the bottom of the

objectionable; and simultaneous intercommunication at top and bottom (a an

connected by

emperature of 104 degrees F., is cooled off to 86 degrees F. and drops to the bottom of the reservoir, thence to be driven, at a temperature sensibly equal to 86 degrees F., to the second reservoir, where a further coolin

ulating pump

kage occurs, caused by the employment of elbows which retard the circulation. A less cumbrous and more efficient method of connection consists in joining the reservoirs by a single pipe at the top, as shown in Fig. 61; but care

cock conveniently mounted near the cylinder (Fig. 59). The jacket is thus purged of calcareous sediments, which are prevented by the soda from adhering to the metal. The flushing-cock mentioned a

dance with the work performed by the engine, a cock should

circulation is quickened by a small rotary or reciprocating pump, driven from the engine itself and fitted with a by-pass provided

er in which tree br

21?3 feet. On these trays bundles of tree branches are placed. The cold water at the bottom of the tank is forced by the pump Pi into the water-jacket, from which it emerges hot, and flows through the pipe T, which ends in a sprinkler G, formed of communicating tubes and perforated with a sufficient number of holes to enable t

et-metal closure in order to prevent twigs and foreign

6.-Fan

e apparatus of this kind are given,-an apparatus, mo

k Base. Tank Height. Height of tray-

x 4.9' 4.4

x 5.2' 5.6

x 5.7' 6.4

x 6.6' 8.1

' x 7.4' 9.

ide, the base of the apparatus should be made

ng them in the form of closed chests, into the bottom of which air ma