La moza de cántaro
is authority for the statement that it was written towards the close of the year 1625 and revised in 1632.[5] It is evident that the closi
s, con sombrero calado, como quienes encima de sí no tenían otra techumbre que la del cielo. Ya la primera dama había hecho su postrera salida con el más rico traje de su vestuario: absorto su amante del se?oril porte de aquella mujer, que, siendo una humilde criada, sabía, sin embargo, el pomposo guardainfante, como si en toda su vida no hubiese arrastrado otras faldas; ciego de pasión y atropellando los respetos debidos á su linaje, se había llegado á ella, y asiéndole
q
n á est
perdiere e
Mil y Qu
nientas h
ue perdón
a vez y otra; ??Viva el Fénix de los ingenios! ?Viva Lope de Vega!?[6] And in no less laudatory terms, Elías Zerolo says: "En ella,... agotó Lope todos los sentimientos resortes propios de su teatro... Esta comedia es una de las más perfectas de Lope, por lo que alcanzó en su tiempo un éxito ruidoso." In enu
medias de capa y espada, for he says: "Más que ninguna otra, reune esta obra las circunstancias que caracterizan á las comedias de capa y espada, como embozos, equívocos, etc." Were the leading character what her name implies-a humble servant-and were the other characters of her rank, the play might well be classed as a comedia de costumbres; but that it belongs to the larger class is established
rival and kept him occupied with all sorts of diversions. At an early age Philip had been married to Isabel de Bourbon, daughter of Henry IV of France, and she was an unconscious tool in the hands of Olivares, for she was as light and as fond of pleasures as the king. Trivial incidents in royal circles were sufficient excuse to provide the most lavish celebrations and expenditures, illy authorized by the depleted condition of the royal exchequer. The external conditions of the kingdom were momentarily favorable for such a period as that through which the country was passing, for Spain was at peace with all the world. The Netherlands and other continental possessions were placated by conce
e, he brings upon the stage illiterate servants to mix their rude speech and often questionable jests with the grave and lofty or poetic utterances of their noble or royal masters. His characters, too, were not limited to any fixed line of conduct, as long as honor was upheld. They could be creatures of pa
up the task, she eagerly took it upon herself and punished her suitor with the death she thought he deserved. Then to escape arrest she fled in the guise of a servant girl, which was in fact a very natural one for her to assume, for even at the present time no high-born young Spanish woman would dare to travel unattended and undisguised through her native land; besides, to do so would have revealed her identity. Once located in the capital, she becomes an ideal Spanish servant girl, performing well the duties imposed upon her, gossiping with those of her assumed class, breaking t
is name or that of "Fernando" and not infrequently lets his personality show through even to the extent of revealing interesting autobiographical details.[11] That Lope did not approve entirely of the higher social life of his
ng wealth and spurning position gained at the price of his love, preserving an unrivaled fidelity to his friend and kinsman, but finally consenting to sacrifice his love for the honor of his name and family, Don Jua
more tearful than Don Diego of las Mocedades, who, after a passionate soliloquy, rather coolly tests the valor of his sons, ending by biting the finger of "el Cid," Don Bernardo appears first upon the stage in tears and frequently, during the only scene in which he figures, gives way to his grief. The comparison of the three is interesting, for all three had suffered the same insult; but before we judge Don
d contemporaries; both are actuated by motives of interest and are not scrupulous enough to conceal it. The poet is far too discreet to hold either up to ridicu
America were pouring forth their untold millions, these Indianos were especially numerous in the Spanish capital, and Lope de Vega, with his usual acute perception ready to seize upon any theme popular with the public, gave them a prominent place in his works. Sometimes they appear as scions of illustrious lineage, as Don Fernando and the father of Elena in la Esclava de su Galán, and again they figure as the object of the poet's contempt, as the wealthy merchant, Don Bel
racter in the secondary plot and the only one to whom prominence is given. He acts as a news-gatherer for his master and, while thus occupied, he falls in love with Leonor, who does not seem to prove for him a difficult conquest. With characteristic Spanish liberty he advises his masters freely and is generally heeded and mixes in everything his comments, which, while not always free from suggestiveness, a
ent action. However, the mere introduction of it in the play would probably, in the early French theater, class the drama as a tragi-comedy. And Alexandre Hardy, the French playwright and contemporary of Lope de Vega, who borrowed largely from the latter both in method and detail, so styled many of his works. The scene, opening in historic Ronda in the midst of the places made famous by the mighty family of the Guzmáns, then moving north to an obscure town in the Sierra-Morena, little known to the cultured atmosphere in which the play was to be represented, and finally centering in the capital and developing under the very eye of the audience, as it were, just as so many tragedies and comedies, le
e find a good example of these different elements in La Moza de Cántaro in the three sonnets of Act II, Scene III, of which the first is in the sonorous, high-sounding, oratorical style, the second, in the elegant conceits so common in Italian literature of the period, and the third in the language of every-day life. Each is well suited to the occasion and to the r?le of the speaker. Seldom in any of his works, and never in La Moza de Cántaro, does Lope descend to dialect or to slang, but rather in the pure Castilian of his time, preferably in the Castilian of the masses, he composes his rhythmic verses. Like some mountain stream his measur
as are suited for complaints; the sonnet is fitting for those who are in expectation; the narrations require romances, although they shine most brilliantly in octaves; tercets are suitable for matters grave, and for love-scenes the redondilla is the fitting measure."[14] These various rimes, except the tercet, are found in La Moza de Cántaro, but in this rule, as in others which he prescribes,
C
Redo
60 Ro
6 Redo
72 Ro
4 Redo
44 Dé
4 Redo
14 Ro
T
2 Redon
1076
88 Redo
1102
06 Redo
1120
36 Redo
280 Dé
452 Ro
68 Redo
788 Ro
36 Redo
T
96 Redo
984 Oc
52 Redo
112 Dé
226 Ro
74 Redo
422 Oc
78 Redo
558 Dé
693 Ro
IOGR
this extensive work are usually made by means of the titles of the separate volumes. Particularly is this true of the references to
Vega Carpio, con prólogo y notas por
or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio y refundida por
Félix de Vega Carpio y refundida por Don Cándido Mar
de las obras sueltas, assi en prosa, co
tteratur, von Ludwig Lemck
ericano de literatura, ciencias y ar
versel, par Pierre Lar
a histórica espa?ola, por R.
ry of Spanish Literature,
nish Literature, 3 vols
ico-crítico del Teatr
ssance in Italy, 2 v
Théatre Espagno
Life of Lope de V
The Soul of Spai
Court of Philip
especially recommended for collateral r
A DE C
RS
C
uan g
Di
gen
rnardo
e
ín l
re
rn
María
Ana,
ü
or c
u
Alc
Ind
Mes
zo de
os.-L
pa?a
n Ronda,[a] en
riber'
will take you to the section o
number will return you
PRI
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un mesón
Mozo de Mulas; de
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pueblo
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jornada
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, seis pe
con un
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lle
s la bend
er que
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o yo le
mujer se
ne s
SO
a v
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e qué cal
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de brío
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mino pe
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s tan
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s tan br
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el traje,
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sma e
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ombrero, gabán y
MARíA
a voy,
ntrado p
r cami
unca me
esde que
el áni
ro que h
re, y cu
verte s
el Duque lo
altar lo
mejor
que tus
ores en
hermano pu
os tuyos
no para
is manos
í su obl
derte no
crecenta
erte ó m
ien está
e lamento
Diego! ?á u
ruz en el
quien s
dades a
reverse á
templo de
a mano
quiere q
loferne
dit va
(á do?
en los ca
cia á los
retener
llos son
ntaros
e ser la j
ventur
aquí vues
A M
e?or, des
DI
ví sola,
de alguna
ta férti
A M
or; que
arte de
ir en el
los padre
edad á l
n otra e
ansó mi
do conten
due?o que
de órden
también l
a mayor
casión,
DI
ónde
A M
e habl
rsona q
ables a
rte y de
á quien y
on algún
er grand
on mi c
né de d
servir á
z determ
viviend
ura (que
regalo
, rocín
bán, tomé
n notabl
que alab
O
ino de
es
A M
muy
or ver si
ba un de
DI
inación
na m
A M
mu
DI
y bien,
mbién á M
ornada m
ngo de la
s veces
o de lo
re el oro
habéis d
e dicen
á las pr
cupación
go de po
camino
, servid
A M
por vos m
soy cria
que soy
xcusaré
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rse quie
A M
cosa qu
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lgo á l
uena hab
noce en
DI
ho que en
iones qu
nte la h
ría guard
a mucho a
A M
lia es
y tanta
se repar
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cosa qu
as hacie
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tamos en
e mí la
MARíA
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er desd
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en lo qu
SEG
casa de
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con sus v
as y perf
O
tas pers
, solic
svelos, r
premio su
erme co
s, en Be
sto tale
N
habéis d
ado de est
ncipio de
O
incipios
o de tre
esperan
imposible
N
n penas
sin cel
O
s, celos
elos inv
e amor do
o me tie
celos
N
si es sosp
O
lo que
celos lo q
pienso
mi da?o
ENA
ín.-
RT
o tuvie
e de t
á do?a An
marfil
e podré
uerte q
usas, da
lanco de
uertas d
nes de
e una z
ra de Pl
remos por
coluna
azul, p
es puntos
O
os? Necio,
RT
igo, yo l
n que de
ara por
N
lo v
RT
man
cencia
anto sup
eza y e
dió los
mirarla
las cint
es de jaz
N
rpines
nda el
RT
aragam
erta dam
ístolas t
iera, aunq
u galán
gas med
si era
mas deli
orrillas
isue?o
?No es
a no ha
onrada m
ote por
O
a dis
N
rem
RT
a de l
to fino
olcha bor
nte, no
or no ve
omo yo
a ti se
siempre en
ico emb
y saldrá
es pleito
conver
ó concert
O
rcicio t
loca a
N
versos
noche de
O
por tan c
ocos la
ENA
ito galán; Juana
?A
á vues
e fían e
O
bien pue
los dos
por se
por jus
amor, que
e más a
?A
vuese?o
le quie
che, qu
ca y la
os que ha
conversa
O
i imag
uiere má
?A
Juan, ?no
primo tenéi
N
que me po
sculpa
iero ob
O
hablemos
?A
es, porq
amos gros
S. (Ca
irve, ojo
me miré
yo pade
ue os qui
?A
da que á l
n ser
O
r q
elo, cua
e azule
lama
?A
una
vuestro arg
alma el m
tos los mi
ielo en s
enidad
y á la lu
os ojos d
os siempre
O
d á la
e vuestr
ersos se at
N
á varios
edó con
?A
ce el
O
bus
loor seis
i
?A
vida mí
s me lo
O
pues no
?A
vuestr
más par
O
si sois se
to á la
glés á
?A
a
O
inglés, de
n de Espa?a v
el ámbar, y
ieles, del
?a, no con f
n forma de es
ir en el ji
en púrpura
ves y empren
sir por las
o cristal ci
en las colu
león, volvió l
s banderas p
N
la pluma
?A
neto á t
N
pinta á nu
?A
pintado el
RT
n so
O
e he
estoy dél
id
?A
trevim
s habéis
N
ales excu
?A
s ha de ca
O
divina
RT
que hablan
?A
s á quien
maba ingrata a
uien jamás
jamás á quie
ien huyendo
uien amand
despreciaba s
do por ella
mor, si ya p
d que tu p
ive, y vivirá
o, amor, y llam
querer á qu
rrecer á qu
O
podéis
e puede,
?A
on Juan a
N
ele im
e cántaro
e la plata qu
rada de ch
antal, reina
e marfil, c
gran Se?or qu
ava, dice am
stre al pen
por fe, por
hir el cántar
a á el brazo
os del agua
qué la coges
más cerca, de
?A
os v
N
sé
?A
llero d
á tan v
creyer
O
?a Ana r
N
ades vist
vo suge
sura y d
des qu
ón de que
supe en
s que m
?A
frazar vu
elen lo
cosas sec
nsa de
en; per
samiento
N
cosa he
la culp
no lejo
hermos
en el a
os lance
indiano, qu
rte á p
ué pued
nta riqu
?A
ugeto ?
N
a muerto y
cántaro
e cánt
ste amo
abrasó
Sirena,
en que
eneno me
l me
?A
f
uien eso
a discul
caballero
vos
N
s el
difere
os de su
l cabello
arra y
tan limp
ue al alb
n grave
desta hum
nta su h
shace s
ente,
e merez
, con más
?A
que estoy
en desc
o encare
N
cho mi p
que os of
O
antéis. ?
?A
da me
N
r q
sa vuest
?A
s bajas
ualéis co
o?a Ana
ENA
Juan, Martín;
O
, que tie
RT
conver
N
o que sie
O
e no vis
?no ha sido
N
rr
e Ju
U
, mi
i se?ora
(á don
e quie
traiga m
N
ne por ca
o de no
l Conde
nde que á
Mar
á do?a A
RT
es lo que
N
, mil vece
RT
rela si l
ez agrada
n jardín
as son mujer
CE
ll
humilde y devantal; El
A M
vuestra m
adelante pas
en su
DI
samiento
que hay h
Isabel, t
seré de
uno co
en fin t
onaire
que es imp
naturalez
ENA
A M
e mudanza
irmeza
de meno
de más á m
tan breve
nto des
millado á
bia y ar
cio que t
as cosas
s que de
eles qu
er de qui
no mereci
cios que
que me
uella b
mo sue
umildad l
mí decir
d, flor
a de aye
r marav
a mía aun n
e á la bla
bellez
erbias
smo sol q
ida es un
osotra
rogant
la noche
a desdi
flores,
lla so
la And
villa
y la que
os deis á e
eréis lo
en esta
ayer me
is por m
de ayer
anezca
ra, ni á
na, ni
hilo de o
cies de c
isa c
el colo
violeta,
ontemplan
maravilla
loca b
is dese
on manos
e la noc
a ser so
a lást
tremo á e
ser á
me llam
a mía aun n
ENA
an.-Do
N
tenido, p
?adónd
A M
bueno,
llase un
que no te
de enten
N
zco que n
e á veces
lo que no
A M
uiero no en
a fe que
ballero t
galán
sus pens
jer como
s po
N
?á qu
ntas si
A M
i os fal
tensione
por mal a
lo que,
ndimient
ará zap
dias y un
o con su b
de lienz
ya sin
ía en ot
ies de l
arrer el s
as, cint
últimos
mas, fond
ata en el
, perlas n
rientale
o que os
as de un
egión de
N
as mis de
amino qu
ijera e
ejo de
A M
y despej
dado me ha
n efeto
os puedo
s prometo
estar
ablos gro
diano mi
sto, vuel
sa, aque
e aquel f
ve, trae c
á sin sa
llama á e
, y dame
stas tan
gar me acu
tame de
sa, luego
osas de e
itado el
zones más g
e no las
o ?qué
N
uieras e
A M
forrada
ha para pr
o yo que
corto ent
n resol
, y no
tad el len
dicen lo
a tengo
l vestido
como qu
N
l, así lo
nsando en
el respe
mirando
tenerte
e debe e
diga mi
o son p
s actos
ás deste
A M
s el término
rada la
rte que l
(á lo qu
espada á l
viasteis,
iéndome
de co
estro pe
mi se?or,
porque no
ndo la gu
mi hone
quedas l
pensamient
eremos a
do el trat
N
s, Isab
?Ay Dios!
que por
te sigo y
á mis
agradec
te juro,
uererte,
ermosa m
y ente
e aquest
ás estim
n de tus
las de su c
en tus bl
l cántar
ente de
cristal
á tu dulce
el agua
osa la
la que en
ómo se
enchirle de
ontigo á
zos ó en t
como cie
su coche
erdes cor
iamantes
por el
s de los
as de un
sirvió de a
ntento q
el: ??Yo t
n quiero y
el amor
ndes, ojos
A M
míos yo
er ning
ís que son
e la v
licencia
ues alma
ue os vais
imer homb
amor a
N
ás, I
A M
poco
a por co
me desa
N
ás, I
A M
es
ese, ó
he dado pr
N
omarte u
r Dios qu
ue la ví
el blan
A M
no me con
e algún hom
nde me
N
ojos, yo
A M
ue vien
N
tarde te e
A M
ente, á
N
naire el ci
ENA
.-Do?a
ON
bel
A M
r ami
ON
ste ha
A M
es
ON
izo tu de
A M
honest
seguro
ucho ten
ON
, ingeni
cho riza
merece
la des
e haber
A M
mentos
paz y so
la tierr
el agua,
del aire
él me q
para que
do en cor
ON
ch
A M
óm
ON
ch
A M
i
ON
mi ama
A M
te lo h
ON
y J
y á ella c
miento,
si no e
y quéda
A M
eslo
ON
por
A M
nor, me av
e pueda
mínimo
r tener
fácil de
í en ima
n Juan ta
estaba g
ON
re te q
ro de o
ero no c
de ser,
as profe
codo en
de tale
to los lav
ntado v
tu mism
mete con d
A M
trata en
ON
a convers
nde que
ron los
A M
ve tan b
e?ora
ON
viudó ha do
grande
A M
?le quier
ON
juntos l
A M
l cántar
Pra
ON
o verá
edan siem
n de sus a
ENA
A M
aves des
ltaba e
or este r
igor est
bastaba
ser co
énero
n quieren q
ar en co
cántar
lino s
será impe
ser lo qu
no soy lo
d, flor
de ayer á
CE
on una
ín,
E
ene tan b
RT
dijo Leo
s la mo
e toda l
erla, un
parias
van ropa á
cántaro e
que este
l Conde
r hablarl
de amor l
uerte l
dama de m
estos Du
ensamient
la viene
l pobre
ántaro
mir y s
n caballe
o, que con
y venga á
e le culp
enso que
, por ve
zas deste
no salir
nar y
lares, á
E
es moza
ede desc
isas y
bre de m
RT
saliendo
endiente
or ó presi
E
la moz
abrá de
amor pre
de cuc
e muchas c
ólera c
RT
isto ?y ya
E
un coch
RT
s viene
E
a del al
s la viu
ENA
uana, Don J
N
coche o
al Con
la carr
idioso de
er lo qu
ros no h
ca
?A
he t
re vos me
ir á la fu
é que es
s tengo
sois pre
N
cio me ha
a ó de agu
?A
do vuest
n Juan,
r agua t
ese búca
N
is esta m
e?ora, a
?A
do ena
e cánt
á la fu
N
éos
?A
agradar
N
ántaro
á poco
nfermos
ENA
onor, con sus c
RíA (á
dijo m
patio de p
de nov
ras, ya
sean de
aba muc
ON
sa mujer
á su padr
o cor
A M
ien
e había
e pesqu
Rey nuestro
da al ci
aron es
quiso q
sadumbre
ON
piedad a
re estaba
ca más
ama q
allero i
A M
me dijo
content
efeto so
biese tan
ON
nombre
gra á mí t
A M
me acuerd
sí: do?
RT
án dos e
las
ON
ab
azo es a
te d
A M
aballe
N (á
estés ve
a y
E
y mi
, y cont
su rostro h
e vues
desde e
A M
n hombrón!) D
RO
daifa en
erdida po
MARíA
s de ést
ir una
ina, de
rique d
E
, doy tur
A M
lleva u
si no se
E
agua d
e valor
A M
be dónde s
E
rimer encue
tus ojos
orque te
te con mi
rá lo de
ate, s
A M
no me
E
a esquina
ón.-Vamo
RT
asta; que
como
E
coz y mor
rocín g
Martín
ENA
uan, Do?a María
?A
os pongá
isto por la
uélla vue
U
or viene
uda que
e que n
uel talle
?A
tiene e
or don
U
m
traje
cualqu
y compete
N
por dar
?A
la ver m
vuesa
quí una da
antoja b
antarill
rá de ma
N
serviro
A M
Leo
ON
Q
A M
se?
galán con
ON
ue te ha
A M
o se me
ro de la
N (á do
se?ora
un poco de
A M
a gana
el agua
l cán
N
s
ci
A M
dsela
tra mano
N
en públic
ujeres
cosas i
A M
ue nadie
celos á
e á do?
ced beba
era que e
istal de
rálo en
y esas pe
?A
porque h
A M
a el sust
e todos
l da?o, en
?A
e be
A M
ambién
ANA
pes
MARíA
ospe
?A
cal
A M
tras
servir
NA (á
llegue e
(lla
Her
?A
na m
A M
a se
v
o?a Ana
ENA
a, Don Ju
A M
a aco
án! ?Así
N
satisf
A M
tan sat
astar pala
N
l, que esto
ien sab
parte m
de sirve á
A M
ened pacie
enís á l
viene sie
e espanta
nte se l
no hay que
, cántaro,
volviéra
ca, en ta
ue es bar
r barro se
s más á l
toy segur
bien que
ches com
N
? Mira, Is
culpa me
A M
i cántar
, ?de qué
vuesa
l coche se
N
desesp
s cosas c
que Leo
posible
ienes celos.
ENA
aría,
ON
s. ?Por qu
aya con
A M
el alma
elos me h
seré yo
r desigu
abrase y
ver más á
ltaba á
ON
e habemos
sperada
ma va
ENA
Martín.
E
soldado
turrón y
RT
corte sus
é cómo e
tantas d
nas y de
o cosas
illos, biz
casta?as
de mer
os y co
rillas d
sarios, ro
las y m
nte, y d
ios, rel
cos, obr
lvaro de
or desta
o; que e
E
e qué es l
a alegre
ativas es
RT
ue andab
do una
E
me enoj
lágrimas
voto so
en dobla
Isabel,
oy yo po
tus ojos
y puso e
n bárbara
mosura a
tu enoj
me enojó
ble que tu
a de m
luego
mente
enojó, ?v
estoy, vivo
én es; q
lágrimas
o y de q
ate se t
sacando la
a?a de l
d á su l
de homb
ue lo
oto sole
enojo e
á ti te
a que se
a en Va
diciendo,
matalle, e
sperar, porq
en dobla
A M
nor; vam
ON
ste
A M
a esto
E
í s
A M
me
E
nteme lo
A M
qui
E
dré
A M
o
E
A
RT
é f
E
oril
ON
ele,
A M
nada
ale si
TER
NA P
, Martín y Lo
E
igo! No
RE
me ha des
RT
ántaro l
RN
Lorenzo,
RE
e puede
E
á curar,
RE
, que la tal
RT
cabes d
E
lacayo en
sta muj
RT
bofet
E
as azot
RN
Que no
ENA
ía, Leon
A M
?Pellizco
ra,
ON
ás e
RE
sabel, c
el hijo
A M
l lacayo
E
en la pr
A M
nse?ada
barbado,
adas á
rra, por
u?al lo que
RE
tar
E
oy
de mi
RE
él haberl
s mujer
E
ie
RE
conmig
los h
ENA
aría,
ON
van, des
A M
erentes
eonor, m
ON
has vis
A M
y
ON
siera hall
e alcanz
ntento y
ín se d
ueremos
os has de
de ser l
A M
desaco
iano; q
ciera: a
a amiga ho
prestad
ON
?ora
s: vamo
o que ha
A M
güenza de
ON
e te qui
e tiene
que hable
A M
á tu casa Te diré
el
ON
fuí
r que ya
strar má
e solí
A M
e; voy po
ballero
esa, Juana
Leonor, á
melancóli
don Juan tanto
o las part
su valor, Le
pues no me h
ecia ó mi afi
n con tanto
de un bárba
s pa?os me l
a creciente
tras con a
, lloraba mi
lo mesmo
e suspiros
ol al agua
rostro en pú
ustraba de o
rio color t
pierta ya d
a, y de uno
extremos,
los tendeder
s por los me
s y sábana
tro mozas de
a ribera
os pies y de hom
tos, perdo
no hablé; qu
e el alma, ha
, Juanilla e
ada forma en
re cuanto hu
e templado
que retumbab
un ingeni
, con destreza
que envidia I
ego hilando
usta y un g
nés, haciend
yer en el caba
dos sois veng
ví bajar e
e tu due?o
alegrar con
ile con desgai
ndole ninfa
jeron, celeb
or bailaba c
sto, el cont
dos ángeles,
del Campo (D
auroras p
á el agua, al
el ganado e
uadrón espa
as, en oyend
misma suert
lador, de am
ue honraban
el, gloria de
en un jardín d
a en cuadro
variedad de
nen color
nfas provocan
se mostra
ermosa de las
alas y las n
aba arrobad
Espa?a: ?Dios
uestra heroi
do á el que se
que dice: ?
on Juan; y
ecos de su voz,
corazón, la
spondo, tus
una pobre
haciendo, env
, y me arrepie
ue le sient
la noche has
si va á de
á celos y amis
ENA
casa de
nor; después, D
ON
hemos ll
que no pu
viene m
lo que h
celos en
o?a Ana
?A
a di
U
es.
A M
e?ora, l
?A
guárde
ofrece
A M
hacer s
e no me im
omoda
?A
ya con el
A M
Se
?A
?po
A M
trevimie
fin; pero fué
?A
ómo, por
A M
estar sa
nor y de
or por bi
porque, ha
por los
e tres l
e estaba
s, tomé s
a se defen
entana s
pura cu
ligándo
udiera á
na noche,
spetar m
descalz
ón: llego
entado
le desca
ándome l
cortés
rojarle
hiciera
ellos desa
tos me v
oces de
de los
culpando
e de por
ron el
itarle
?A
debes
ue te te
U
rvicio m
s limpi
tas and
que esté
?A
rás esta
ab
A M
a, sí
?A
sabes
A M
va
cocer
g
?A
abrás
A M
coser
?A
será me
tocas
A M
, yo n
e due?a
un háb
desdicha
réis algún
U
don Juan
CE
tín.-Do?a Ana
N
soy em
os pide
de su aus
a vuestr
is tan ma
oma por
aza div
r á su d
nera d
dos pare
cusando
e?ora, el
uiere eng
arse de
os y of
a para s
manda
e dais lic
sta vuestr
nstantes,
?A
nís en
echo un gra
os es in
mi loc
n qué o
el hab
sa quie
to habéis
iero ver
puedo ag
los ojo
, que vi
ervirme á
ue vos l
iero que
a en fuent
estáis
sabido h
me vengá
asta aquí
N
a queja o
l Conde,
, cuyo v
ente r
uál hombr
ociera
tra bel
a perfec
curso á
el alm
la puse
ma des
la volu
querer
pidáis q
de haber
que ante
poderla
igo habéi
enos a
ENA
nde.-
O
licenci
lla vengo
?A
se?or, dis
ia de tan
a silla,
N
estaba
usen
O
na c
ue no me a
visto
?A
ra, genti
s muy
O
por
?A
agrade m
dama de do
O
el enten
tiene m
de espac
e?ora, a
ónde
A M
cierto
mucho qu
O
en la m
ro traje
donaire
de vuestros
envidia
es tan
bizarría
erencias
os fundame
RT
sponder
me si me
onor del
ón del l
ro y el j
de cuatr
on estera
algunos
?A
Martí
onor, y p
que vue
on Juan d
N
el pobre
O
del cas
vos la mad
er padri
?A
r, que e
que ha mu
y Leonor
O
le de der
adrino á
N
estáis de
tra mí. P
r el padr
O
la la mad
A M
orto ent
ataja, y
s y tan d
mi lug
o en un ju
una la
d, que ib
á, que le
madre d
ia atrás se
muchacho
??Cómo
lpóse d
cabóseme
ue hablan
scretos
s mi ente
e he ven
lencio en
íN (
ue se han
A M
nde muy
e?ora
pues yo
no sea i
?A
, Se?or, h
encia des
idáis, ya
al pasa
O
son, os
tenido oc
notable
Ronda ci
y Porto
dre con
tiene de
llero s
?A
casión? ?F
O
iando á
tón, porqu
para las a
?A
n va
N
nte es
r ver á
ta hacien
MARíA
estoy,
as lo que
O
perdonó
se de po
dos de un
obles ca
ha escrito e
ismo par
el perdó
, Se?ora,
también
antos extr
ueva se
ta corte
estoy d
me voy
?ora, á la
s licenci
?A
s; volvé á
O
encanto d
uestra Isabel
voy en el
de, do?a Ana
ENA
aría,
N
Isabel
l cántar
la fe l
alma, q
que te l
taro l
nso que
overbio
uisiste
o lo des
to que
a quiere
do yo t
honrado
ad discul
en tus pr
ir aquí s
que así m
el, sombr
de tus c
rda de m
que tu h
misma te
ece tan
que te he
ero y te
ta firm
mi amor
encer t
tan desi
A M
te bien no
ra ten
poder ig
e vuestr
s haya t
Francia t
á mí el
de vuest
os resu
habrá de
content
on hacer
to, mi e
á mejor
estoy cel
o, aunque o
te humild
alma ge
rbia y a
ntaro que
en mis ho
ue susten
ero bien,
raleza
ro amor que
os dejo
pena; que
y nieve t
nacido
y á su res
hacer m
que os h
lo cual
mor de
sa hagáis
N
sentarte
de tanto
merezc
A M
, aunque
cam
N
el,
é d
A M
pa
ya me v
s son: c
a sospec
r diamante
e á la f
o que ell
mi cas
N
pensaba
r que dese
e desdi
nuevas! ?
fortuna
n, sino y
joya y la
mbas diam
mina un
me como
ndo for
artida, n
e tan
A M
o os
don Jua
pecho
me con
e vos no lo
éis que me
habréis
después
Aunque no
aberlas pe
s he dado
N
o, Isabe
eza, im
que más
tenéis, bas
os; cuan
ayor le
almas, d
pecho en
en duda
mujer p
r mayor
el punto
cántaro
suertes
os y p
isteis
e aquí p
dicha s
o muera au
is, hermo
ántaro y
osas muy
ucha baje
cho entendi
rmosura
espeto
ás encar
se encub
l que ayer
e ámbar,
oliendo
ien se?
el olor
ámbar que
s muestr
A M
éis en pre
os he de
ENA
or.-
ON
piensa
antas raz
estir y á
se?ora
A M
onerme
N
lve
A M
sped
e los
ENA
N
n es ésta que
s sentidos
pensamient
anto bárbar
ivo en la c
se entretiene
peranzas, q
ria en que
s temor, me
se?or su e
mo en círculos
ada vida en
fuso pensa
scura los e
que llegue
de la espera
ede haber ta
mi amor qu
er nacido en
fealdad en
ayores dese
variedad
la flor can
de púrpu
á entender qu
un cántaro á l
r el barro
de una mano
ceder de sa
tendida hu
pues siempre
bajezas
será Isabel,
a y prendas
o resistió
humildes na
ar sin que l
ay; y si por
os, como mi
, Isabel,
partir, si p
es fingir p
tiene esta
a perderte
es nobleza
r armas pienso
remio con qu
á de barro en
CE
ll
ín,
E
en est
s desfav
toy y ofen
RT
no tené
onde gus
o con
E
él Cuando á su
é qu
adrino os hi
RT
de más,
E
mbién no
cueras y s
lzas, que
en su d
das en
r el agu
a me ha ca
tan bien
RT
pudiera
me con
E
algo en
como yo p
silla á
RT
el eno
ue sois
si acier
sa
E
aro est
uy honra
pide má
ega de
l tiempo á
ndo el Con
Ana, po
siempr
ayudará
te á vues
RT
eso pasar
E
réis que c
RT
usa quien
guez lo
do y á
o y á Ra
es, buen
E
levar u
y hueso q
RT
darles
E
casión no
endrán l
gran co
RT
á conse
tes de
E
marca m
os en c
RT
sa es en
enester doc
ENA
casa de
na, Do
N
que es c
vuestra p
?A
n sin a
tanta s
N
nrazón l
uerza á
Conde ha
ENA
eda escuchando sin
DE
elos me
udo amig
a ingra
N
o os qui
mil almas
stos ojos
?A
haya el C
DE
la muestr
don Juan
?A
mármol es
l amor
o absol
ición que
esto no e
o quise al
DE
e agora
é su in
N
a loca
ya visto
pado el d
go; que
stir á
r á el
on vos m
da, si pu
?A
Conde lo
mismo os
N
s es co
rta pod
lo ha de m
voy; que
n gran c
echa ni
O
te
N
abéi
sospecho
ue estar
y agr
O
tengo en
r quere
amor con
no ha si
is vos la
sdicha
ue sab
aré que os
, y vos l
o os lo
ber, cua
enía tan
; aunque en
?ado pen
tal ente
giese l
N
Alejand
o que esti
Apeles m
orado m
mandarm
lo que
do pudier
ue no pu
iera yo
os dej
?A
uedo; qu
nde, que m
don Juan
tenta aye
mí mism
uego, si
ado cabal
cien mil
ros y si
tro tant
ENA
mano; Martín, Pedro, Lorenzo, Bernal y otros Lacayos, mu
OS (c
illa de
casan: Corren toros
RT
tra para
E
os agrada
RT
los que l
icos pa
s antes
O
viene l
ien no
, imagin
grave y c
mujer pr
?A
e puede
as galas
rna la riq
O
ido está
?A
rado la c
O
que tien
rla y de
avedad fi
tan ver
no cono
sus baja
un alt
arda prese
N
Amor, si e
oculta l
dad y l
exterior
que quiso s
la nat
endo en u
o de oro
un vaso
lustre y b
perdido y
celosa
suspenso,
vedad re
parte ma
s me da
en que ve
fingida
e de qu
alma y sin
el ingenio
en dudosa
nciertas
verdade
no ha de p
in que s
eriores t
n alma s
l más al
oce la ti
o, la m
na, la
rey de l
historia
sabios afi
ejemplos
or; pues
inguno
or amor
amor me p
o que á na
tos viven
amor un
de res
mármol, si
quien me
decen á
idos y p
to en púb
que nadie
cirme el
me caso
tigos q
m
O
uria e
?A
vuelto do
O
, que si e
s os qui
itir tal
Criados
er hechi
orredor,
N
infames,
aré de e
O
de vuest
famar su l
N
Su bajeza
a en esta
posible
de lo qu
O
mil ducado
re loco
casara
me hubie
A M
onde; qu
deis oca
hab
JUAN
s! ?Si
deseng
A M
la boda
parece
ta que yo
alar a d
ser vue
uque de
O
si verd
A M
la dama d
, por la
dre, un
dón se c
y que vos
O
, á quien
cuantas
de mujere
A M
soy do
ndar encu
N
as relaci
n persona
oche de
s doce s
mano y t
RT
scuras nos
nos son l
?A
erá que
de y d
O
q
n á la
rdiere este
Mil y Qu
nientas h
ue perdón
O
C
and occupied for many centuries by the Moors. On account of its history
, It is enough to mak
ith the dieresis fo
ealed to Nemesis for revenge. She made him fall in love with his own image reflected in a fountain; because he could not grasp it he longed for death and, according to Ovid, was metamorphosed into the flower which bears his name. A century before Lope it had
advice submitted to a rule
an edition of 1886, for no evident
the idea of establishing a separate kingdom, as his brother-in-law, Juan de Braganza, had done in Portugal in 1640. His plans were discovered and as punishment and humiliation he was compelled to challenge the king of Portugal to a duel for the aid the latter was to give to the projected uprising in Andalusia. He made the journey to the Portuguese border only
cases with a small letter, as well as simi
You know my weakness! You
Andalusia and a city always not
y papel as sugg
e la muerte, etc., that is
in line 43. A comparison of the passage with Cervantes' celebrated quotation from Feliciano de Silva, "La razón de la sinrazón" is interesting. (See Don Quijote, Part I, Chap. I.) A possible translation of the letter is as follows: "With fair though stern, not
a noun after the preposition and the verse is approximately e
a de agradar? Can
de is used here where we should
ga Spain held the Netherlands and cons
ad of a period at the end of this line
se who appear here I do not see on
ir verdad, if t
h and archaic form of a
he greatest folly is not the one to be feared
Spanish verse the assimilation of th
e the English proverb of similar purport
ction no longer approved
l Blanche de Bourbon whom he immediately put aside. Pedro then plunged into a career of crime seldom equaled in Spanish history. Several times he was dethroned but always succeeded in regaining the scepter. He was
nd in a complaint of a member of the Cortes, addressed to the king, the subject is treated as follows: "The art of horsemanship is dying out, and those who ought to be mounted crowd, six or eight of them together, in a coach, talking to wenches rather than learning how to ride. Very different gentlemen, in
"Thoughts of him at nigh
s. It is said to have been approved by the Pope in 1175 and had during the middle ages great military power. The right to confer it is no
onym of ahora which is of similar origin
of the feminine of the adjective prime
the Duque de Medina
, A place which is
ly the Plaza de la Ciudad, which is the
4 and occupied a prominent position during the 15th and 16th centuries. Columbus sailed from this point in 1498 on his third voyage to the New
was intended to reveal delicately to the lov
ation compare Guillen de Castro's las Mocedades del
nsult is renewed as many times as he who
he five fingers of the hand which
ce of the rule for the contraction of the preposition an
initial exclamation and interrogation marks are often omitted before exc
servido, if
the object after the imperative in such a cas
esta=D
so qui, por inútil duplicado de quien; éste en el siglo XVI se creó un plural: quienes, que aunque calificado de inelegante por Ambrosio de Salazar en 1622, se generaliz
re, easy. The assonance of final unaccente
uld determine to be yours there can
here anything so graceful in widow's
ugeto=
ssumes importance which its size scarcely merits. Its banks have been the scene of festivities from the early days of the city to the present time. In the time of Lope de Vega the banks of the Manzanares and its dry bed were, as a plac
una casada, A wom
ested). Manda, lit., "legacy, bequest"; but cumplir la manda, "to o
ing on airs. Poleo, "strut
orthy of reverence," but here fam., "worthy of a prelate."
el marido, Lest the
on, is var?ar, as it should be
hille, l'épée nue, et ne se battant point, vingt héros dans la même attitude comme des personnages de tapisserie, Agamemnon, roi des rois, n'imposant à personnes, immo
That paintings vex me. Not
eir advances, testified that they had found her with a young man. She was condemned to death, but on the way to her execution Daniel intervened and by a clever ruse succeeded in convicting the two old men of bearing false witness. They were put to death and the innocence
tabla de S
ato la verd
santa justam
a injustame
she had not seen you an ex
eem that this part of the play is ena
os á perder, Let
ntar, I must not sit d
d rifa is usually used in the sense of the English word "raffle" or "auction," as for example the baile de rifa narrated in Alarcón's El Ni?o de la Bola, but Lope seems to use it here referri
juego, My cousin being th
or, Since it was by one wh
il, "to manipulate, falsify." A possible proverbial reference to
ligaros, If it will be s
el anzuelo, The fi
The old form is use
feto=e
ould have favored me my favor wo
ntury and was still used by Calderón, though a grammar gave the modern form as early as 1
s. There is a local tradition to the effect that Adamuz, several centuries ago, boasted of a population of about twenty thousand and was one of the important centers of the Sierra Morena, and that it was swept by an epidemic which carried away almost the entire
d. It may be a reflection upon the state of intelligence of the inhabitants of the town and a pure creation of the poet
Guadalquivir to the Portuguese border. It is mentioned in many of the Spanish romances and is ass
a person of distinction and offers apology for mentioning in his
ropria
uch a royal highway from Andalusia to Madrid ever existed it has long since disappeared and given place to the
hecho, What is d
ssyrians under the leadership of Holofernes and for this purpose went to the camp of Holofernes who received her kindly and celebrated her coming with feasting. When he was sufficiently u
e Vega and his contemporaries. It is from the Latin eratis. (See Menéndez
c city of Southern Spain and t
bable route from Granada to the capital woul
has that of "to be occupied in making, to have on one's hands." Jornada usually means "day's
Spaniard who is returning from there after having made his fortune. The term has a depreciative meaning also, and
ealization of one's pretensions which one's occupation puts
T
y some introductory interrogative express
his affection. A short time afterwards Amadís is freed from a perilous situation by a young girl named Briolania, who herself is suffering captivity. He then promises to return and deliver her. Having been successful in a number of other adventures, he sets out, with the tearful consent of Oriana, to rescue Briolania. After his departure on this mission, Oriana is erroneously informed that Amadís loves Briolania; mad with anger and despair, she sends him a letter saying that all is ended between them.
apital of a kingdom of the same name and has played an important r?le in Spanish history since the time when the Romans occupied the peninsula. During the Moorish occupation it was a worthy rival of Seville, with which it is here mentioned
Llano de Plasencia. Lope must have sojourned there at some time or have had more than
r la Vera d
imavera al
Leonor en c
tas, vol.
tc. In the Valencia
lo digo
tos del
on punto
que pued
n su co
en un p
sear, y
he two editions it is clear that there is a play on this word. Cara is probably a typographical error for vara, but it may be used here in a related sense to the archaic á primera cara, which was the e
servants, while the escarpín was an elegant thin-soled, shoe or slipper, and often with cloth top as the following verse seems to indicate. Here the sense is not very apparent and may invol
parar, "parry off, protect," and the obsolete substantive gamba, the equivalent of pierna. It was evidently appli
dama depends
of "ridiculous adornments." It is still used colloquially as the approximate equivalent of the English "thingumajig" or "thingumbo
e, see v. 9
os, dark clouds.
must be a typographical error, for the sense seems to favor a comma. The two subordinate clauses
Lope is given to repetitions in his works, but this is perhaps
rrational attack upon Cadiz by the English fleet under Sir Edward Cecil in October, 1625. The
originally consisted of thirty-one knights and was self-perpetuating, but Philip II absorbed the nominating power. In 1713 Charles VI moved
antigua de la comedia: Con débil ca?a, c
Mars, the god of war,
in the Obras Sueltas, vol. IV, p. 500, under the title, á la Venida de los Ingleses á Cádiz. Hartzenbusch speaks of it as though it appeared in the Coron
nctuation would place the initial in
m "Filis" was a more material being in the person of Elena Osorio, daughter of a theatrical manager and a married woman. During the early part of the period 1585-1590 he dedicated to her some of his most beautiful love-ballads, and in the latter part, when he turned against her and was exiled from Madrid and Castile, he continued to address poems to her, but now filled with bitter complaints. (See Introduction.) The fact that he mentions her name here in a
vantal=d
rades=hubierais... Dijer
ges of distinction in the garb of shepherds and shepherdesses. These compositions
ke pretensions. Pretender also means "to sue for place,
ere as well as in the followi
and half woman, which were supposed to inhabit reefs near the island o
rolo's edition has que instead of qué of the Hartzen
., Whatever services he did me, however
cludes each of the following stanzas or décim
divisions and still occupies a unique position in the life and character of the
do, a yell
is usually wr
cated by verse 1284, but it is difficult to give a concise translat
ira, But on my wo
ised to enumerate, etc. Requebrar usually means "to flatter," but it also me
is plural unless we take it as impersonal a
ral order and might well be set off by commas. The se
elantal. Cf. v.
or virilla, is used to denote the border around the top
e present time over three billion dollars in silver. The first mine was opened there in 1545, and the year of Lope's birth, 1562, a royal mint was established in the city of Potosí to c
sa in the Celestina against the exacting duties of servan
ana, early i
pular in France. A man must not proceed "brutally" to a declaration of love at the very beginning, but by interminable flatteries and conceit
refers to the running
The antecedent
carriage estribo means the "step" but in the text it is used apparently as the equivalent of portezuela. Descanso seems to have been at the time a device used in wo
e change from the second person to the t
u desdén? What has b
obably done you a great injury. Hacer
y down your hand and remain apart. Leonor applies here the terms
ustom of the idlers and braggarts lounging in public places
s of the city of Madrid, and every day acres of network of lines are covered with drying linen. It is here naturally that the gallants of the low
Retiro palace and the city proper. The house of Lope de Vega still stands in the narrow Calle de Cervantes, a short distance from the Prado,
, cf. 1. 33
hoy. Note the repe
lles. In the Romancero General the adventures and death of the knight are narrated. Steadfast to death in his affections f
rma! ?O
l fuiste
te a?os
i alcanz
que me
en esta
ntures in this connection are narrated in Don Quijote, Part II, Chapters XXII and XXIII. Cervantes calls Durandarte the "flor y espejo de lo
a edition has here instead of this
espacio
Gibraltar. Writing this play, as he may have been, with the acclamations of the great victory ringing in his ears, it was quite natural that Lope should honor the hero in his drama and
utation for ignorance and stupidity; so they have long been made the butt of malicious gibes and jests by their more volatile
oz y mo
rocín g
ya, Is all tha
re in the double sense
radually declined until it ceased in the 18th, only to be revived about the middle of the 19th century. Since then Venice has retaken her position as the European center
m, in the realization.-Caer en l
nes is now writt
eces va el cántaro á la fuente, alguna se quiebra," and "Tantas veces va el cántaro á
s=volvierais. Se
la, that is,
never enjoyed by any other man. He afterwards fell a victim of a conspiracy of the Spanish feudal grandees and was executed at Valladolid in 1453. His life and achievements became a popular theme for Spanish authors, and doubtless much of interest written concerning him has been l
warrior who fought sometimes with the Moors, sometimes with the Spaniards, and that at last as a soldier of fortune he seized Valencia and until his death successfully defied the two great rivals of his time, the
gigote
rominently in Spanish history for many centuries, for it was long the favorite residence of the Spanish sovereigns. Early
if he likes it. Co
T
ás, Let that be
es de decir, Don
gallina, Let the chicke
mojadas, coll.
s quiero, Well I am willi
ing to a woman as well as to a man. The feminine due?a has the
mesmo=
v. 1495
its ancient form was a very popular musical instrument for such occasions as the one her
ark immediately in the rear of the royal palace and grounds and on the o
, Isabel de Bourbon, daughter of Henry IV, king of France. (See Intro
asculine, but Lope, like other authors of the 16th and 17th cent
echo, c
brar, em
tc., for rather has it bee
ve not been there for a long time. There is pe
re than a few (lit. "four") of those mantles o
aceto=
sks pardon for using in the presence of people well-bre
nt subjunctive with the
ntaro. Alma de cántaro is a colloquial term n
proverbial use of cántaro in t
caryatides, take the place of columns. The reference here seems to be to the mythological Atlas, from whi
a pluma á
so de vos
rente el cielo
tas, vol.
architectural sense and apparentl
l reino im
o en ello
yos de A
e Sevilla, Ac
al second person singular as soon as don Juan s
the end of this verse instead of a period, w
diferente, Your orig
n dicha=Y yo
iment expressed by the author in el C
ació par
e ser ca
....
n are y q
vaso al l
yo á entender, F
rmas, as a
passage is identical except that it
down from lackey to lackey. Vincular
cabido, Although littl
. This region has been particularly prolific in noble houses and among them is that of L
Madrid,
cia los
acimien
buelos y
ble nac
spa?a tr
Vizcaya,
ta?as se
in the London edition of the play: "Alude á la costumbre de estar en los actos públicos la silla del rey vuelta hacia el dosel siempre que S. M.
nce to the high cost of living and particularly to the high price of salt, of which Olivares m
For nothing must be omitted. Lit.
saber, For i
re told of Alexander and Apelles which show the intimate relations of the two and among which is the one referred to in the text. Apelles had painted Campaspe, also called Pancaste, the favorite of Alexander, undraped, and had fallen in love with her. The generous monarch learning of it yielded her up to the painter. This pictu
del Conde, I do not belo
d either to the rime scheme of the preceding verses or to that
ack but armed only with reeds. The contests were made up of several features which permitted the participants to exhibit their skill in ho
expression in a rime of coarse sentiment which recounts th
ses. Cf. v.
heavens, if this be true I shall kill
ubierta, in order t
escuras=
the following lines fr
ientas fab
or el nume
que d
recer
iento en hora
e las Musa
tas, vol.
ANISH
ip of Professor J. D. M. F
sh Literature. By J. D.
yen. Edited by Caroline Bourland
by A. M. Espinosa, Stanf
Edited by A. F. Kuersteiner, Ind
. Edited by B. P. Bourland, Ade
ions.) Edited by H. A. Rennert, Univer
ogido. Edited by J. Geddes, Jr
Edited by E. C. Hills, Colorado College,
. Edited, with vocabulary,
n A. Buchanan, University of Toronto, and Bernard Fra
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atritense. Edited by G. T. N
ted by S. Griswold Morley, Un
unt of the poetry of Italy, France and Spain down to the middle of the f
, with vocabulary, by H. A. Kenyon
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with ample colloquial drill. The exercises are
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French and English Languages 94
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sh Dictionary 279 pp. Vest-pocket
et Dictionary 605 pp. 32mo. Roan
at a glance; liaison marked; hints on pronunciation, customs, and usage; rich in idiomatic and co
ry. Larger Type 689 pp. 1
of students. Retains all the features and dev
nd English Dictionary 1252 p
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sh Dictionary viii+1028 pp
TNO
of this Introduction are taken, quotes at length from Tomillo and Pérez Pastor's Datos Desconocidos the Spanish criminal records of the Pr
dio, Obras Suelta
uence on the Spanish theater. In his Epístola á Don An
yo partien
de versos
estilo la
de sus prin
en Espa?a
os ayres áto
tas, vol.
ueltas, Vol
esh in the mind of the author, but they do not offer conclusive proof. It does not appear in the twenty-five Partes or collections of Lope's dramas, and it is doubtful if it was published in any regular edition during the poet's life. In a note, Act II, Scene III, Har
er last entry, decked in the richest costume of her wardrobe; her lover, absorbed by the noble bearing of that woman who, although a humble servant, knew, nevertheless, the pompous farthingale as if in all her life she had not worn any other style of skirt; blind with passion and trampling on the respect due his lineage, had approached her and, beside himself, seizing her hand, had offered her his. The second
q
n á est
perdiere e
Mil y qu
nientas h
ue perdón
, there must have gone forth then amid clamorous applause a unanimous shout of admiration, of enthusiasm, and very just national pri
ol. I, p. xxviii, and Gassier
of Spanish Literatu
) Quoting from Lista's classification, Romualdo Alvarez Espino says: "Comedias de costumbres in which are painted vices of certain persons who, since in that epoch they could not be represented to be of the nobility, were drawn from the dregs of the people. Perhaps his very object in these compositions drew Lope away from the culture and urbanity which distinguish him in others; but fortunately they are few. Let us mention as examples El rufian Castrucho, La Moza de Cántaro, El sabio en su casa, La doncella Teodor." (Romualdo Alvarez Espino, Ensayo Histórico Crítico del Teatro Espa?ol, p. 116. See also, Alfred Gassier, Le Théatre Espagnol, p. 38.) In the broader sens
Kelly, Spanish Li
ographical account of the author's youth and early manhood, while others of hi
nherit this character from the Latins, and it appears in most of the plays of Ariosto, Machiavelli, and Aretino. It is found in the early Spanish dramas, and the debt to Italy is unmistakable; for example, in La Celestina the name of one of the leading servant charact
lover of the bullfight, but she would in the palace or public theaters countenance amusements which would now be considered coarse. Quarrels and fights between country wenches would be incited for her to witness unsuspected; nocturnal tumults would be provoked for her amusement in the gardens of Aranjuez or other palaces; and it is related that, w
ueltas, Vol.
e second with the third. The romance is composed of any number of seven or eight syllable verses, in the even numbers of which there is a correspondence of vowel sounds in the last two syllables, which is called assonance. The décima consists of ten octosyllabic verses, of which generally the fi