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Chapter 1 PAGE
I.- Outgrowing the Gods 9
II.- Life and Mind 18
III.- What is Freethought? 37
IV.- Rebellion and Reform 51
V.- The Struggle for the Child 61
VI.- The Nature of Religion 72
VII.- The Utility of Religion 88
VIII.- Freethought and God 101
IX.- Freethought and Death 111
X.- This World and the Next 123
XI.- Evolution 134
XII.- Darwinism and Design 146
XIII.- Ancient and Modern 162
XIV.- Morality Without God.-I. 172
XV.- Morality Without God.-II. 182
XVI.- Christianity and Morality 193
XVII.- Religion and Persecution 204
XVIII.- What is to Follow Religion? 223
PREFACE.
It must be left for those who read the following pages to decide how far this book lives up to its title. That it leaves many aspects of life untouched is quite clear, but there must be a limit to everything, even to the size and scope of a book; moreover, the work does not aim at being an encyclop?dia, but only an outline of what may fairly be regarded as the Freethought position. Freethought, again, is too fluid a term to permit its teachings being summarized in a set creed, but it does stand for a certain definite attitude of mind in relation to those problems of life with which thoughtful men and women concern themselves. It is that mental attitude which I aim at depicting.
To those who are not directly concerned with the attack on supernaturalism it may also be a matter of regret that so much of this work is concerned with a criticism of religious beliefs. But that is an accident of the situation. We have not yet reached that stage in affairs when we can afford to let religion alone, and one may readily be excused the suspicion that those who, without believing in it, profess to do so, are more concerned with avoiding a difficult, if not dangerous, subject, than they are with the problem of developing sane and sound methods of thinking. And while some who stand forward as leaders of popular thought fail to do their part in the work of attacking supernaturalistic beliefs, others are perforce compelled to devote more time than they would otherwise to the task. That, in brief, is my apology for concerning myself so largely with religious topics, and leaving almost untouched other fields where the Freethought attitude would prove equally fruitful of results.
After all, it is the mental attitude with which one approaches a problem that really matters. The man or woman who has not learned to set mere authority on one side in dealing with any question will never be more than a mere echo, and what the world needs, now as ever, is not echoes but voices. Information, knowledge, is essential to the helpful consideration of any subject; but all the knowledge in the world will be of very little real help if it is not under the control of a right method. What is called scientific knowledge is, to-day, the commonest of acquisitions, and what most people appear to understand by that is the accumulation of a large number of positive facts which do, indeed, form the raw material of science. But the getting of mere facts is like the getting of money. The value of its accumulation depends upon the use made thereof. It is the power of generalization, the perception and application of principles that is all-important, and to this the grasp of a right method of investigation, the existence of a right mental attitude, is essential.
The world needs knowledge, but still more imperatively it needs the right use of the knowledge that is at its disposal. For this reason I have been mainly concerned in these pages with indicating what I consider to be the right mental attitude with which to approach certain fundamental questions. For, in a world so distracted by conflicting teachings as is ours, the value of a right method is almost incalculable. Scepticism, said Buckle, is not the result, but the condition of progress, and the same may be said of Freethought. The condition of social development is the realization that no institution and no teaching is beyond criticism. Criticism, rejection and modification are the means by which social progress is achieved. It is by criticism of existing ideas and institutions, by the rejection of what is incapable of improvement, and by the modification of what permits of betterment, that we show ourselves worthy of the better traditions of the past, and profitable servants of the present and the future.
Chapter 1 PAGE
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Chapter 2 OUTGROWING THE GODS.
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Chapter 3 LIFE AND MIND.
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Chapter 4 WHAT IS FREETHOUGHT
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Chapter 5 REBELLION AND REFORM.
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Chapter 6 THE STRUGGLE FOR THE CHILD.
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Chapter 7 THE NATURE OF RELIGION.
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Chapter 8 THE UTILITY OF RELIGION.
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Chapter 9 FREETHOUGHT AND GOD.
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Chapter 10 FREETHOUGHT AND DEATH.
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Chapter 11 THIS WORLD AND THE NEXT.
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Chapter 12 EVOLUTION.
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Chapter 13 DARWINISM AND DESIGN.
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Chapter 14 ANCIENT AND MODERN.
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Chapter 15 MORALITY WITHOUT GOD.
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Chapter 16 MORALITY WITHOUT GOD. No.16
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Chapter 17 CHRISTIANITY AND MORALITY.
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Chapter 18 RELIGION AND PERSECUTION.
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Chapter 19 WHAT IS TO FOLLOW RELIGION
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