Current History, A Monthly Magazine

ing statement in reply to an interview obtained with Dr. von Bethmann-Hollweg, the German Imperial Chancellor, by

an interview recently granted by the German Chancellor to an American correspondent. It is not surprising that the Ger

he sanctity of agreements between individuals and between nations, and the policy disclosed in

per'-that is, that Great Britain was making a mountain out of a molehill. He now asks the American public to believe that he meant the exact opposite of what he said; that it w

eg seeks to establish the two sides of this cas

t the assent of the Belgian Government.' This allegation is absolutely false. It is based upon certain documen

ny conversations took place between the British and the Belgian officers it was expressly laid down on the British side that discussion of the military possibilities was to be addressed to the manner in which, in case of need, British assistance could be most

'; and in 1913 Sir Edward Grey gave the Belgian Government a categorical assurance that no British Government would violate the neutrality

. He represents Sir Edward Grey as saying, 'he did not believe England would take su

not be the first to violate the neutrality of Belgium, and I did not believe that any Briti

ct well known to him-namely, that Germany was establishing an elaborate network of strategical railways leading from the Rhine to the Belgian frontier through

on the footing that there would be no violation of Belgian neutrality, unless it was previous

ndoned and forfeited' her neutrality, and he implies that he would not have spoken of t

code wrong becomes right if the party which is to be the subject of t

er said in his pastoral letter: 'Belgium was bound in honor to defend her own independence. She kept her oath. The other po

her responsibilities toward the neutral States seriously,' he alleges nothing ex

cientiousness. The real nature of Germany's view of her 'responsibilities toward the neutral States' m

ity of Belgium if it were respected by France, did Germany refuse? France, when asked the corresponding que

Foreign Secretary, Herr von Jagow.) It may be paraphrased in the well-known gloss upon Shakespear

est and easiest way so as to be able to get well ahead with their oper

or, and the German Chancellor in his speech to the Reichstag claimed the right to commit a wrong in virtue of the mili

ts to excuse and explain away a flagrant wrong. Moreover, all the attacks upon Great Britain in regard to this matter and all talk about 'responsibilities tow

years to bring about an understanding between England and Germany.' An unders

derstanding an unconditional pledge of England's neutrality. The British Government were ready to bind themselves not to be

guarantee for the peace of Europe, but it would have meant an absolutely free hand f

dor in August last he 'may have been a bit excited at seeing the hopes

on France, the natural conclusion is that the shipwreck of the Chancellor's hopes consis

t may be brought to a very simple test, the application of which is more apposite

e been settled on fair and honorable terms without war. If he really wished to work with England for peace why did he not accept that proposal? He must have known after th

htforward desire for peace as in 1912 and 1913. The German Chancellor rejected this means of averting the w

gs which Germany has done in Belgium and France have been placed on record by those who have suffered from them and who know them at fi

SER AT

Associat

m at the German Field Headquarters. It tells of a trip made by the Emperor and Dr. Ganghofer to Donchery, in the region of the Sedan battlefield. Here t

his father had stood at Sedan, where Napoleo

rters of Crown Prince Frederick William, where, after luncheon

dquarters than at mine. I shall consider w

s greatly pleased when some of them doffed their caps to him and he returned their sal

prisoners and

region. When descending, Dr. Ganghofer slipped, but the Emperor quickly

ens must help each

A

N TO

EM

GALSW

SI

IC H.

ng Alber

is

Melody of the 3rd verse should be omitted and the words s

nd's

.G.

The New York T

rgument Mr. Wells points out that "the Dutch hold a sword at the back of Germany." That Holland has no intention of sheathing this sword, so removing a menace from Germany, is indicated by the recent cable from The Hague telling of the message sent by the Government to the Secon

nd are likely to resul

to suggest what Dutchmen ought to do; this preaching to highly intelligent neutrals is not a writer's business, but I want to imagine how things must look in the

ss of the Allies rests upon their respect for Holland. Holland's position as regards Germany now is extraordinarily strong materially, and as regards the Allies it is overwhelmingly strong morally. She has behaved patiently and sanely through a trying cr

he German western front, but they would also lay open a convenient way for the Allies to the vital part of Germany, Westphalia. But were they to come in on the side of the Allies they would at once deliver a conclusive blow. They could cut the main com

. Every day now diminishes the possibility of Germany being able to make any effective counterattack, any Belgian destruction, in Holland, and every day increases the w

She keeps her freedom. Practically the Allies fight to secure it for her. The d

is the reasonable fear of devastation. The "good Germ

nd. It is a terrible oppression. Her army must remain mobilized, even if it does not fight. Her trade stagnates. She is incumbered by refugees. What if she

Dutch-and we English know something of the Dutch spirit-is that they are a people not easily cowed. Suppose that they have not only a reasonable fear but a reasonable hatred of "frightful

eousness to consider. There is the possibility, and not only the possibility but the possible need, that Holland should co

dizement as little as any nation in Europe. But what i

hs of horror. It is ridiculous to suppose that the Germans may fling war in its most atrocious and filthy for

through her own lost lands. The only tolerable frontier against Germans is a day's march deep in Germany. Of course, Liége will have to be covered in the future by Bel

anvil States. At any rate, very considerable annexations of German territory by Belgium and France are now inevitabl

eparation of attacks on England. Clearly the British may decide to have no more of such attacks. Every advance in scientific warfare may make them more dangerous and exasperating. The British intend soberly and sanely to do their utmost to make a

their aid, the Allies are unable to press the war to the complete regiment

lar

bility that in twenty years' time or so Germany, recovering and vindictive, may in some way contrive to hold off France and Belgium, and try her luck against England alone. By that time submarine and aeroplane may be so developed as to render a German attack on England mu

nd Britain ready enough to guarantee the integrity and protection of Holland's colonial empire forever by the British fleet. All the four Western Powers, France, Belgium, Holland, Britain, would be willing to make the most binding pledges for such mutual protection. It is the manifest common-sense of the settlement that they should set up such a collective guarantee. And, in addition, there are those Frisian Islands, and East Friesland, and that dangerous wedge that Germany drives into Holland along

not unhappy Holland, Dutch and free. Until a fresh Anglo-German struggle begins. Yet, be it noted, a Holland

German language for the Dutch, and a Germanization of such colonies as the Allies may still leave for Holland, frequent State visits from Kaisers, and the subordinatio

the Germans if they can possibly avoid it. Not even our press censorship, not eve

may decide presently to put her troops beside the Belgians. And if, as is always possible, the Germans do make some lumpish onslaught upon Dut

of Belgium. Upon that point Holland has absolutely dictatorial power at the present moment. She could secure the independence of Bel

ght in

l Report on Ge

sed of four representatives of the French Government repaired to these districts in order to make a thorough investigation. The commission was composed of M. Georges Payelle,

-et-Moselle, Oise, and Aisne. According to the report, they made note only of those accusations against the invaders whic

in violation of international law. Decree of Sept. 23, 1914. MM. Georges Payelle, First President of the Cour des Comptes; Arman

t of the Counci

tion to acts committed in violation of international law in the portions of French territory occupied by the enemy which

e criticism and rigorous examination. We have indeed believed it to be our duty only to place on record those facts which, being established beyond dispute, constitute with absolute certainty what may be clearly termed crimes, omitti

th. In addition the proof of each of them does not depend only on our personal observations; it is founde

ght of the population who bear unprecedented calamities with the most dignified resignation. In the districts which we crossed, and particularly in that country of Lorraine which was so frequently the victim of the scourge of war, not one entreaty for help, not one moan, reached our ears; and yet the terrible misery of which we have been witness surpasses in extent and horror anything which the imagination can conceive

mplacable adversary. Pillage, rape, arson, and murder are the common practice of our enemies; and the facts which have been revealed to us day by day at once constitute definite crimes against

spect, the victims of these hateful acts usually refuse to disclose them. Doubtless fewer would have been committed if the leaders of an army whose discipline is most rigorous had taken any trouble to prevent them; yet, strictly speaking, they can only be cons

hesitate to finish off the wounded, that they kill without pity the inoffensive inhabitants of the territories which they have invaded, and they do not spare in their murderous rage women, old men, or children. The wholesale s

lians had begun by firing upon them. This allegation is a lie, and those who advance it have been unable to give it any probability, even by firing rifle shots in the neighborhood of houses, as they are accustome

that is enough to cause you to be shot as well as the Burgomaster, and for a farm to be burned; look, there is one on fire." "Sir," replied the prie

German military authorities. Almost everywhere citizens of every age have been dragg

n Army, in order to provide for it, possesses a complete outfit, which comprises torches, grenades, rockets, petrol pumps, fuse-sticks, and little bags of pastilles made of compress

ved it our duty to deal with those that have been caused by shells in the course of violent fighting, or due to circumstances which it has not been possible to determine with absolute certainty, such as those at Villot

s, who have even themselves often taken part in it. Cellars have been emptied to the last bottle, safes have been gutted, considerable sums of money have been stolen or extorted; a great quantity of plate and jewelry,

itant dared to beg an officer to be good enough to intervene to spare a life or to protect his goods he received no other reply (when he was not gree

o the Department of Seine-et-Marne. We there collected proofs of numerous abuses of the laws of war, as well

e roofs, and with sticks of resin which they placed under the doors. M. Lagrange asked an officer the reason of such acts and the latter merely replied: "It is war." Th

s, into which they had thrown straw and poured petrol, when the arriva

Marius René saw a soldier carrying a torch which, stuc

Mairie, and, after having taken all the blankets belon

lames. By struggling violently and clutching on to a wall he was able to avoid the fate with which he was threatened. Finally, at Courta?on, after having compelled the inhabitants to furni

been able to place on record in the Department of S

est hurried off to draw some wine from the cask, but the German, no doubt annoyed at not being served quickly enough, fired his rifle at the wife of his host, who was ser

emy. Three of them escaped. None of the others had returned up to Sept. 30, the day we were there. From information collec

to walk further, the unfortunate man received a bayonet wou

ns to give up his purse to them. When he proved unable to give them any money, he was tied up w

e German troops, attempted to hide himself under the counter of a wine shop. He was

addressed some words to the wounded under his charge, who at once proceeded to load four rifles and two revolvers, their intention being obvious. Moreover, a French hussar, who had been wounded in the arm and taken prisoner, said to the priest, while asking him for absolution: "I am going to be shot, and it will be your turn next." After having done as the soldier aske

ng to note that the schoolmaster at Sancy, when he was about to be taken off with the others,

of thirteen out into the fields, and exposed them to the French fire so long as the engagement lasted. In the confines of the same commune, Edmond Rousseau, liable to serve i

the medical examination, that he had been declared fit for service, but that his class had not yet been called up. The Germans thereupon made the prisone

rom the 5th to the 7th of September. On this day before they left they arrested, without any pretext, the Mayor and the Procureur de la République, and an officer grossly insulted them. These two officials were kept in custo

sent away her husband to go and search for one of his comrades in the street. Then, in spite of the fact that two small children were present, he tried to rape the young woman. X., when he heard his wife's cries, rushed back, but was driven off with blows of the butt of the man's rifle int

to submit to the will of a soldier with a revolver at her throat; the second, in spite of her resistance, was thrown upon a bed and outrag

Didelot, had been killed at the outposts, the enemy took possession o

only two. Come out," said one of them. Immediately Roger and a refugee named M. Denet, who was a guest in the house, were seized and led away. The next day, at the end of the village, Mme. Roger found the body of her husband, pierce

ered them. An inhabitant of Voinsles, named Cartier, suffered the same fate. As he passed on his bicycle along a road a little way from Vaudoy, he was stopped by the Germans,

itre, who had left his house during the battle to take refuge under a culvert, was discovere

AL CA

onspicuous of the

RAL

ench Forces Opera

ernational N

150 meters from him. A soldier who was alone in the rear of the column took aim at him, and shot him in the face. It is proper to add tha

s shop of M. Pantereau and loading the goods which they had taken on to a cart, set fire to the hou

as treated with horrible brutality. They repeatedly struck him on the head with their fists. A revol

her and kept her in the middle of them completely naked for one and a half hours; then they tied her to her counter, giving her to understand that they were going to

ocery shop. Angered by her resistance, they tried to hang her, but she cut the rope with a knife which was open in he

ng her with his rifle; then he threw her on a mattress and raped her while her mother-in-law, p

, and 13, were with their sick mother when two German soldiers entered, seized the eldest, dragged her into the next room and raped

property. After they had been supplied with food, the non-commissioned officer proposed to a refugee, a Mme. Z., that she should sleep with him; she refused. M. X., to save her from the designs of which she was the object, sent her to his farm, which was in the neighborh

e two unsuccessful attempts upon her. Leaving her at last, he threw himself upon Mlle. Y., having first handed Mme. Z. over to two soldiers, who, after having violat

o strip herself completely naked and lie on a mattress with t

two English cavalrymen who were surprised and wounded in this commune were finished off with gunshots by the G

RN

city of their leaders. The Communes of Heiltz-le-Maurupt; Suippes, Marfaux, Fromentières, and Esternay suffered especially in this way. Everything which the invader could carry off f

whatever. Without doubt these crimes were committed by order, as German detachments arrive

latter if the grenades which he saw in their possession were destined for his house. They answ

teen private ho

es practically nothing remains. At Somme-Tourbe the entire village has been des

ss. At Huiron all the houses, with the exception of five, have been burned. At Sermaize-les-Bains only abo

and cans of petrol have been seen in the streets. While the Mayor's house was burning, six sentinels w

d against the inhabitants of the localities which are today more or less completely destroyed. In some villages the Germans, before setting fire to them, made one of their soldiers fire a shot from his rifle so as to be able to pretend afterw

taken away; many of them have not returned. At Sermaize-les-Bains, the Germans carried off about 150 people, s

-a certain Emile Pierre-has not returned nor sent any news of himself. At Corfélix, M. Jacquet, who was carried off on the 7

tants, who were taken away the same day as the hostages of Co

tied down in his bed by an officer and left in this state

. He was struck on the head with a bottle

d at Maclaunay, where he had been taken by the Germans. His b

was not present at the execution, but he heard a shot and next day an officer said to him, "Son shot. He is under t

elves into the Saulx. The old man was able to free himself for a moment and ran in all haste after them and made several attempts to save them, but the Germans dragged him away pitilessly, leaving the two wre

This woman's father, Fran?ois Fontaine, rushed up on hearing his daughter's cry. At once fifteen or twenty Germans broke through the door of the house, pushed the old man into the street, and shot him witho

ssed him through the bars of the gate. She was brutally pushed back and fell, while the murderers dragged along the unhappy man covered with blood, begging them to spare his life and protesting that he had done nothing

ty-five or forty Germans were leading away M. Lauranceau, when he mad

following facts hav

cellar staircase. They ordered the two young girls to undress, then, as their mother tried to intervene, one of the soldiers, bringing his rifle to his shoulder, fired in the direction of the group of women. The bullet, after having struck Mme

nt of the Marne established other cr

pushed the barrel of his revolver under her chin and brutally flung her on her bed. Her son-in-law

licentious soldier, who, having found her with her sick grandmother, dragged her to

Mme. X., aged 45, and Mme. Z., aged 89, were

ated by four soldiers, who broke in the door of her room with the help of a billhook. All fo

at about 300 of the civilian population had already been killed; we saw that in different parts of the town numerous buildings had been destroyed, and we took note of the enormous and irreparable damage which had been inflicted on the cathedral. The bombar

irection of this building. The fifth fell only a short distance from the pr

en broken in; four glass cabinets have been broken and another has been opened. According to the declarations of the caretaker who, in the absence of her masters, was unable to acquaint us of the full extent of the damage, the principal ob

he floor from the drawers which remained open. A writing table had been broken open.

oheit." No one could give us exact information as to the identity of this "Highness"; however, a General who lodged in the house

that this house had been sacked by the Germans in the absence of its owners during an occupation which lasted from the 4th to the 6th of September. The invaders left it

in chalk, among which we took note of the following

US

fires lighted willfully by the Germans in the absence of any kind of military necessity, and without the population's having given any provocation for su

e 6th to the 9th of September, sprinkling the walls with petrol by means of hand pumps, and throwing into the houses little bags full of compressed powder in tablets.

torical monument, and the Mairie with

taken away as hostages. They were, however, set at lib

ap of ruins, having been completely burned on the 6th of September by a regiment of German infantry bearing the number f

atter and their four children, aged respectively 11, 5, 4, and 1-1/2 years. A few days afterward the bodies of all these unfortunate people were discovered in the middle of a pool of blood. Adnot had

t the village was about to be burned, because, they alleged, three French soldiers had dressed themselves in civilian clothes; others gave the pretext

burned by the Württemburgers, fire was set t

burned the village and made a systematic massacre of the inhabitants. They began by setting fire to the house of an inoffensive householder, M. Jules Gand, and by shooting this unfortunate man just as he was leaving his house to escape the flames; then they dispersed among the houses in the s

their garden from a neighboring property. The young girl alone was able to reach the other side and to avoid death by hiding in the cabbages. As for the other women, they were struck down by rifle shots. The vil

ttle, was pursued for 300 meters by soldiers, who fired at him ceaselessly. By a miracle this man had the good fortune not to be wounded, but five bullets went through his trousers. When the curé, Viller, e

he victim. Three Germans made the attempt on Mme. D., 47 years old. Further, an old woman of 75, Mme. Maupoix, was kicked so vio

t day. Toward midday a soldier set fire to the dwelling of a clockmaker by deliberately upsetting the contents of an oil lamp which he used for making coffee. An inhabitant, M. Monternach, at once ran to fetch the town fire engine, and asked an officer to lend him men to work it. Brutally refused and threatened with a revolver, he renewed his request to several other officers, with no grea

. Poinsignon, (which was completely carbonized,) and that of a yo

d together in motor cars. An army doctor (médicine-major) took possession of all the medical appliances in the hospital, and an officer of superior rank, after having put up a notice forbidding pillage on t

pied by the Thirteenth Württemburg Corps, under the command of Gen. von

their departure rifle shots were heard in the distance. A little later a second troop, composed of about thirty men, presented themselves in their turn, and accused the farm people of having killed a

and 9th in a cellar where several women had taken refuge from the bombardment. All these unhappy women were vilely ill-tr

sons were obliged to follow the German troops, and on the 27th of October none of them had returned. T

d on the previous day by a fragment of a shell. In the evening the inhabitants were ordered to collect together in a barn. Havette believed that he was exempt from

e more or less completely burned. Up to now it has not been possible for us to ascertain completely t

emy has committed acts of cruelty toward the French soldiers who were wounded a

E-ET-M

the 26th of October, and visited a great number of c

0th of September. About sixty shells fell into the middle of the town and in the southern cemetery-that is, in places where there is no military

f which a man and a little girl were killed and six people wounded, in the Place de la Cathédrale. On the 13th of Oc

gan on the 11th of August. The evening before a young girl of 19 and a child of 4 had been killed in their beds by fragments of shells. On the 14th of August the Germans took as their special objec

and children, were killed. There were about the same number of wounded. Pont-à-Mousson is not fortified. Only the bridge over the Moselle had

separated by the Seille from the principal group of buildings, there remains of this little town only a succession of broken and blackened walls in the midst of ruins, in which may

ime to time. Skirmishes took place in its neighborhood, and on Aug. 14, in the courtyard of the farm de la Borde, which is a lit

from the bombardment, the Germans came up after having fired

mselves over to the most abominable excesses, sacking, burning and massacring as they went. After they had carried off from the houses everything which seemed worth taking away, and after they had dispatched to Metz the product of their rifling, they set fire to the houses with torches, pastil

skull smashed by a German shot. A soldier showed the corpse to Mme. Bertrand, saying: "Do you see that pig there?" M. Chardin, Town Councilor, who was Acting Mayor, was required to furnish a horse and carriage. He had promised to do all he could to obey, when he was killed by a rifle shot. M. Prevot, seeing the Bavarians breaking into a chemist's shop of which he was caret

oyee named Contal. As soon as Stub reached the threshold of the entrance to the door he fell severely wounded by a rifle shot. Then Contal, who rushed into the stre

e end of a rifle barrel was placed on his head and his brains blown out. Then it was the turn of the Kieffer family. The mother was wounded in the arm and shoulder. The father and little boy aged 10 and little girl aged 3 were shot. The murderers went on firing on them after they had fallen. Kieffer, stretched on the ground, received another bullet in the forehead, and his son had the top of his head blown off by a shot. Last of all M. Strieffert and one of the sons of Vassé were murdered, while Mme. Me

, and ordered the women who were still alive t

eyewitness, were driven like sheep into the fields under the threat of immediate executio

r troops. As our inquiry has established formally, this allegation is a lie, for at the moment when the enemy arrived all arms had been deposited at the Mairie, and the part of the population which had not quitted the country had h

ne thing, among the people whose death has been proved, some died under conditions which are not stated with sufficient precision; on the other hand, the dispersal of the inhabitants of the town which has now been destroye

hem in any other way. Thus, in particular on Aug. 24, the house of Mme. Jeaumont was plundered. The objects stolen were loaded on to a large vehicle i

s proposal was accepted, and as at the beginning of the circuit they came across in the street the body of M. Crombez, the officer commanding the escort said to M. Keller, "You see this body. It is that of a civilian who has been killed by another civilian who was firing on us from a house near the synagogue. Thus, in accordance with our law, we have burned the house and executed the inhabitants." He was speaking of the murder of a man whose timid character was known to all

nd the Faubourg d'Einville was in flames. The massacres, which were continued until the next day, began at the same time. Without counting M. Crombez, the officiating minister, Weill, and his daughter, whose deaths we have alr

mmitted in the foll

workshop in this factory, in which the workman, Goeury, was working, in company with M. Balastre, father and son. Goeury was dragged into the street,

n to him, fell mortally wounded in his garden. M. Kahn was also murdered in his garden. His mother, aged 98, whose body was burned in the fire, had first been killed in her bed by a bayonet thrust, according to the account of an individual who acted as interpreter to the enemy

ly killed; her face was burned by a shot. At this moment, Mme. Dujon, seeing her youngest son, Lucien, 14 years old, stretched on the ground, asked him to get up and escape with her. She then

rom Lunéville, at the place called Les Mossus, in the District of Chanteheux, were unfo

led him 200 meters from the house and murdered him there, together with M. Vallon, to whose body they had fastened him. A witness, who had seen the murderers at

ed enemy officer at the hospital of Lunéville, was struck down by a bullet in the

a band of soldiers who had entered by breaking down the door. The father was beaten unmercifully; as for t

ized in the victim his brother-in-law, M. Colin, aged 68, who had been struck in the stomach by a bullet. The Germans alleged that this old man fired upon them. M. Rik

ther with his wife, were led into the fields with their hands tied behind their backs. After both had been cruelly ill-treated, a non-commissioned officer took possession of 1,800 francs in gold which M.

non-commissioned officer, Weiss, who was well acquainted with the town, where he had often been welcomed when he used to come before the war to carry on his business of hop merchant, went with the soldiers to the place and ordered that the piece of wall which remained standing should be blown up with dynamite, and saw

endiary machines, and after having massacred peaceful inhabitants, the German military authorities thought it well to put up the following p

O THE PO

or is ordered to pay this sum-50,000 francs in silver and the remainder in gold-on Sept. 6, at 9 o'clock in the morning, to the representative of the German military authority. No protest will be considered. No extension of time will be granted. If the commune does not punctually obey the order to pay 650,000 francs all the goods which are available will be seized. In case payment is not made domiciliary searches will take p

l, Sept.

der in

FOSB

d 26 by an army which was not acting under the excitement of battle, and which during its preceding days had abstained from killing,

g Schneider, aged 23, who was murdered in a hamlet of the commune; M. Wingerstmann and his grandson, whose death we have recorded above in setting out the crimes committed at Lunéville; lastly, M. Reeb, aged 62, who certainly died as the result of the ill-treatment which he suffered. This man had been taken as hostage with some 42 of his fellow-citizens who were kept for 13 days. After having received terrible

ire to the village, the hostages were set with their backs to the parapet of the bridge while the troops passed by ill-treating them. As an officer accused them of fi

liquid by some soldiers who were sprinkling the walls. One of them told her that it was benzine. She then ran behind a dunghill to hide herself

xcesses, entering the houses, with savage yells, burning the buildings, killing or arresting the inhabitants, and sparing neither women nor old men. Out of 475 houses, 20 at most are still habitable. More than 100 persons have disappeared, 50 at least have been massacred. Some were led into the fields to be shot, others were murdered in their houses or struck down in passing through the streets as they were trying to escape from the conflagration. Up to now 36 bodies

were unbuttoned and pushed down to their feet. This fact, as well as the appearance of the bodies, made the witnesses think that the victims had been mutilated. We did not think we ought to adopt this view, the bodies being in such an a

marks of bullets upon them. On one of them was found a laissez passer in the name of Edward Seyer, of Badonviller. The other nine victims are unkno

ing the day of the sacking, th

e street, and shot him. They then returned to look for the father, an old man of 70. Mme. Lingenheld then took to flight. On her way she saw her son stretched on the ground, and as the unhappy m

ed themselves at the foot of the wall to avoid shells. At the end of an hour the widow Guillaume was dead. Her daughter wrapped her in a blanket and placed a handkerchief over her face. Almost immediately the Germans broke into the garden. They carried off Dehan and shot him at La Prèle, and led his wife away on to the Fraimbois road, where she found about forty people, principally women and children, in the enemy's hands, and heard an officer of high rank s

rs entered, and one of them, seeing young Louise, fired a shot point-blank at her head. Eugénie succeeded in escaping,

the horse after the master, and set fire to the house. Some others raised the trap-door of a cellar in which several peop

g as interpreter to the Germans declared to a certain Mme. Thiébaut that the Germans boasted that they had burned alive in one of these barns, in spite of his entreaties and appeals to their

wife of a soldier, Mme. X., was raped by a German soldier in the passage of the h

that an attempt had been made to break through the steel door of the tabernacle. The Germans had fired shots around the lock in order to get possession of the ciborium. The door was broken through in several

k of the Bavarians. The troops which committed them were under the command of the Ge

threatened to shoot him and throw him into the flames, together with one of his fellow-citizens, "whose brains," he said, "we have already blown out." He was alluding to the death of an old gentleman, M. Liégey, 78 years of age, whose body was found in the ruins with a bullet wound under his chin. The officer added, "Come and see the property of Gen. Lyautey, who

f his arrest. The latter replied, "I made signs." L'Abbé Marchal gave him a little bread and went away; but he had scarcely gone thirty paces when he heard the sound of a volley. The two prisoners had just been executed. The next day an officer who spoke our lang

g at them. Gau?on was dragged from his own house and thrown on a dunghill where a soldier killed him with a rifle shot in the stomach. Demange, who was wounded in both knees while in his cellar, s

case; as for Simonin, he was taken away in the direction of Drouville. A few days afterward a German officer handed to M. Thouvenin, Municipal Councilor of the commune, a note stating that Simonin had been shot and that his last wishes were expressed in a document which was in the hands

sleeping in the room above that in which this revolting scene was being enacted, but he did not consider it necessary t

on the motor cars. On the 21st of October the Lieutenant Colonel commanding the -- French Infantry Regiment took possession of this chateau. He found it in a state of disorder and revolting filth. The drawers of most of the furniture had been broken into and left open, a

er and informed that the town was to be burned. Indeed, the centre of the town was ablaze. The conflagration, which was started by torches and pastilles, destroyed 112 houses; only four or five were burned by shells. After the fire sentinels were placed, who prevented the owners from approaching the ruins of their houses, and when the blaze had abated the Germans ransacked the ruins themselves in order to gain access to the cellars. After th

of a rifle, Richard fell. Cohan rushed back to his house. Villemin went to look after his cattle, after having followed Richard for a short distance as the latter was being led awa

laged. The Germans took linen, plate, furs and hats. The next day the

ugust, twenty-six houses were set on fire by t

alled Pierrat, whom they had found carrying a sack containing a small net and a gun in pieces. The wretched man was terribly tortured by them. Having dragged him beyond the village, they brought him back in front of Mme. Fam?se's house. This lady saw him pass by in the midst of the Germans. His nose was nearly

lsace, then into Germany, where they were kept until the 24th of October. Before his arrest, and during a fight which took place around his commune, M. Dieudonné had been forced, notwithstanding his protests, to

were working on this estate must have been all killed. The bodies of two of them, Victor Chaudre and Thomas Prosper, were discovered two

and of several private houses, and by the murder of M. Robert, aged 70, and M. Harau, aged 65, who were kille

fterward buried in the fields a few hundred meters from the village. Their bodies were in an advanced state of decomposition, and it was therefore impossible to

OMMANDANT

own French Military Aviators

Underwood

SIR DOUG

sh Army, One of the Six Ar

rican Press

ter the disaster a certain number of little fuse-sticks which the Germans frequently use

happy man received at least ten bullets in the chest. His son-in-law, who was in an advanced stage of tuberculosis, was taken and led away. No news h

ly stand, was accused of having followed the armies as a spy. The latter had been arrested because his little girl had picked up a bit of telephone wire broken by shrapnel. One morning toward 6 o'clock the Bavarian officers went through a travesty of justice, reading documents drawn up in German, collecting the votes of eight or nine young Lieutenants to whom voting papers

bé Mathieu complained to Gens. Tanner and Clauss of the burning of his bee-house, and received f

ucceeded with great trouble in leaving the church for a moment, was returning with a little milk for the children, a Captain, furious at seeing that this prisoner had been allowed to pass, cried out, "I meant that the door should not be opened! I meant the French to fire on their own people." This same Captain, a short time before, had been guilty of a revolting cruelty. He was pres

hey also killed in his own house M. Florentin, aged 77. This old man, who received several bullets in the chest, wa

ting fire to Mme. Combeau's house the soldiers dug up the floor of a

y. Then on the orders of an officer, he was led away by a soldier. As he went along he saw his father about 50 meters off calling to him. The soldier then tied him to a telegraph pole, and fired on Simonin's fa

elled a girl of 12, young --, who had taken refuge there, to accompany him into a room, where he raped her twice, in spite of her ceaseless cr

n embankment. The two peasants thought at first that he was anxious to see them sheltered from the rifle shots that were being fired all round. But their delusion was soon dispelled when they saw him load his revolver. In the course of this operation three cartridges were dropped, and the officer ordered Matton and Barbier to pick them up. Barbier handed him one of the cartri

le, set fire to the houses with the assistance of rockets. A few houses only escaped the flames. Before being burned the

of September. The invaders burned thirty-five houses, using torches and doubtless pet

Nineteen houses were burned, and M. Alix, who was trying to put out a fire in a

been shot at, although he knew perfectly well that it was untrue. Then he shut them up in a barn. In the evening he had brought before him the wife of M. Jacques, a retired schoolmaster, who was one of the prisoners, and said to her, "I am not certain that thes

up by the office

r, 23d Au

CE

entries during the night of August 22d and 23d I have received

- (ille

reit.

compelled the elder to pull off his boots, he committed obscenities on the younger. We undertook not to publish the names of the victims of this abominable scene, or of that of the village in which it

she did not know, which was true. The Germans then entered the village and were received by our soldiers with rifle fire. On the 5th of November a detachment of the Fourth Bavarian Regiment arrived and collected all the inhabitants in front of the church. An officer then asked which person it was who had betrayed them. Suspecting that he referred to her meeting with the Germans some days before, and realizing the danger that all her fellow-citizens ran, Mme. Masson with great courage stepped forward and repeated what she had said, and declared that in saying it she had acted in

with his family in his father's house, at the foot of a staircase, when he saw that soldiers were aiming at him from the street. He stepped aside to shield himself, but was not able to find shelter, and was struck by three bullet

36 houses in the village were burned by means of incendiary cartridges. Further, two inhabitant

Roman, in the arrondissement of Briey, made

re wounded. Mlle. Tréfel was struck while she was giving a drink to a German soldier. Three men were killed: M. Martin, an agriculturist, aged 68, whose house was burned, was led out and shot in the street in the presence of his wife and children. M. Chary, aged 55, foreman roa

out with a little bag in her hand containing her savings, about two thous

t have been carried off by a patrol,

the fields by a bullet which went righ

at Raucourt who is with the colors, Mme. X., declared to us that she had been raped in her own house in the presence of her little bo

I

ise we have ascertaine

ion was committed, but an officer believed that he heard some one say the word "Prussian." At once he directed three dragoons to fall out and ordered them to fire. Young Gaston Dup

road near the village, met a motor car in which were several Germans. They began to fire at him without any reason. He jumped down from his ma

ized the manager, his family, and all the staff of the factory, and, during the three hours which the engagement lasted, made them walk in a parallel line to themselves in order to protect themselves against the fusillade which was catching them on the flank. Among the twenty-five people who were thus

and five houses were burned in the following manner: The Germans marched along the streets in a column; at a whistle from an officer, some of them fell out, and proceeded to break in the doors of the houses and the s

MM. Pinchaux, Minouflet, and Leymarie were among the number of the hostages who were thus exposed to death. Near the hospital Levasseur was killed. Soon Leymarie in his turn fell mortally wounded. As he was carrying him to lay him at the foot of a wall, Minouflet was struck by

rought them ten bottles of wine. He was murdered by a shot full in the chest. MM. Ramu, Vilcoq, Chambellant and Gaudet, drawn by curiosity, went to look at the burning forage store to which the French troops had set fire as they retired. Enemy soldiers fired on th

oves were torn from him and thrown in his face; his stick was taken from him and he was violently beaten with it on the head. Finally, toward 11 o'clock, he was made to appear before three officers. One of them questioned him, persisting in accusing him of having fired or caused others to fire on the Germans, and warned him that he was about to die. M. Odent then went to his fellow-captives, handed them his papers and money, shook hands with them, and with great di

any reason, and then taken by the Forty-ninth Pomeranian Regiment of Infantry to Villers-Saint-

my sacked the houses they took pleasure in exciting the worst instincts of t

ighboring house. The precaution was a wise one, for numerous comrades of the aggressor broke into her house and, furious at no

m they came constantly to show the jewelry which they had stolen. Demonts and Guillot were then led into the country, where they found about 100 inhabitants of Creil and Nogent-sur-Oise and the neighborhood. All these persons were forced to suffer the shame and grief of working against the def

Brèche, wine seller. Thinking, no doubt, that he was not serving them quickly enough, they dragged him into the courtyard of Mme. Egasse, his neighbor, where an officer accused him of having fired on the soldiers, and ordered, in spite of his denial, that he should be shot at once. Mme. Egasse tried to soften the murderers, but she was brutally

e and the ill-treatment which he had received, he put down his load and tried to escape. Two soldiers took aim at him, fired, and struck him down.

nd took four days to march through. The town was completely sacked under t

which lodged a General commanding with some twelve officers of

nted themselves with burning the property of their aggressor. The latter committed suicide to avoid falling into their hands. None the less the commune was sacked. M. Robert, notary, was robbed of his jewelry, his linen, and of 1,471 bottles of wine, and forced to open his safe and allow an officer to take 8

ers in succession in the absence of her husband, who is with the colors. One of the

them, he asked his cousin, M. Queste, Professor at the Lycée of Amiens, to act as interpreter for him. After having fulfilled this office the professor returned home. A few minutes afterward, hearing a shot,

carriage. A few hours before their arrival at Mesnil-sur-Bulles a Uhlan patrol had already made a reconnoissance in this commune. Troopers

grossly false allegation that they had been fired upon, and previously, in the presence of their officers, gave themselves up to a general pillage, the product of wh

. Four young men were taken as hostages and led away on the 8th of September. One of them was able to escape. His comrade, René Lecl

great number of houses were pillaged. The house of Comte d'Orsetti, which is situated opposite to the palace, was literally sacked, principally by non-commissioned officers. Plate, jewelr

ch was going on in the villa, and at last he went to the place; but after having glanced at the i

oncierge, drove the husband with several of the former's relations out of the house,

The first day, Mme. Huet, on whom were billeted a part of the staff of the Nineteenth Regiment of Hanover Dragoons and a great number of soldiers, saw a non-commissioned officer take posses

e medal was engraved the name of "Ahne," stole in Mme. Huet's house 115 francs from the servants, 300 francs from the mistress of the house, and 400 francs from M.

eted upon him. After the departure of this guest he discovered that the sum of 150 francs, which had been placed in the wardrobe of the room in whi

carriage, and the four men journeyed together as far as the village of Ressons, where they were arrested by a German detachment. They were bound, and then taken to the District of Marquéglise, and brought before a superior officer, who questioned them. When he learned that two of them were natives of Belgium this officer declared that the Belgians were "sales gens"; then without any explanation he took his revolver and fired on each of the prisoners in tu

SN

have been able to visit we have everywhere found evidenc

in the absence of her husband, who had been mobilized. One of the Germans held M. X., the father, in front of the door while the other, threatening the young woman with his rifle, committed acts of revoltin

h, the village was pillaged. One house, as well as the chateau of M. de Mal

ateau of Sparre was also set on fire after it had been completely pillaged, pic

e the linen, and did 250,000 francs' worth of damage. In addition, they burned a house on the al

ns had seen him talking in a street with a French chasseur-à-pied, who, after having delayed in the village, had succeeded in taking to flight on a bicycle and escaped a rifle fusillade which

ty houses, carrying away linen, money, jewelry, and other articles. At the house of the schoolmaster they took the funds of the School Savings Bank, which amounted to 240 francs. On the 3

ptied the cellars and sacked the empty houses and

ar, one of them went into the room of the little servant girl, aged 13, and, putting his hand on her mouth, committed a complete rape upon her. Hearing a loud cry, the farmer's daughter escaped through her window and called some officers who were lodgi

int was a soldier, and when a man to whom he was speaking denied this, he added, "He was on the way to be one." He said also that the young man had stupidly caused his own death, because, with the intention of escaping, he had put out the candl

e butt of the Germans, who amused themselves by forcing him to go on to a very high slope, raining blows upon him and pricking him with bayonets every time he fell down. He was taken on the 6th to Charly-sur-Marne with a convoy of military prisoners, and on the 8th of September, in the morning, his murderers in their

yes of the officers. Later on army doctors who remained in the town after the departure of the army were included in an exchange

he shop of a shoemaker, and from there into a room where two other Germans joined the first. She was threatened with a bayonet, thrown on to a bed,

-. After having bound her husband four soldiers belonging to the heavy artillery chased her to the house of a n

the hamlet of Taux they set fire to the straw with which they had stopped up the openings of an isolated cellar in

A MILITA

le to verify the majority of them because the witnesses are for the most part soldiers, who are obliged to move from place to place continually. Besides, these acts have been set forth in reports addressed by corps leaders to the military authorities, who may add them to the documents of our in

g at Rembercourt by a fragment of a shell, he had been left on the battlefield eight days by the German Red Cross people although they knew quite well that he was there. On the fourth day this non-commissioned officer received

Infantry Regiment related the

ans. He told them in German that he had just been wounded, but these men answered that this was no

They alleged that one of the latter was found on the church tower in the vil

the owner, M. Houillon, had lodged some French wounded soldiers. The officer in command ordered four of his men to go and finish off nine wounded who were lying in

ded the list of candidates who left the School of Forestry. As he fell wounded on the battlefield this young officer

th legs as the result of his wound. He was lying on his face when a German soldier turned him over brutally with his gun and hit him three times on the head with the butt of his rifle. Other soldiers passing by kicked him and hit him also w

ng off his horse, and being unable to extricate himself, he was assaulted by Uhlans, who

finish off the wounded on the battlefield. As they had feigned death to escape massacre,

use he had refused to finish off a French wounded soldier. Again, another German, wounded in the back, the result of a shot fired point-blank, told Dr. Weis

ent, just as, together with two stretcher bearers, he was attending to a man lying on a stretcher. As his left side was turned toward them, the

on of men upon whom his mitrailleuses were firing were wearing red trousers, ordered the firing

ve us

LLE, Pr

D MOL

ARIN

T, Rap

Dec. 17

MAYOR'S P

Associat

vicinity of Nancy has been suspended from office for a fortnight

ian had no right to act as a combatant, as by so doing he only br

Fight to

r Viviani

hat France will not lay down her arms until she and her allies have won such a victory that they can dictate terms. Premier Viviani's speech was delivered b

rst time before Parliament sets forth its policy. Just now there is only one policy-a relentless

history remain an honor to the country. It is the cry which all Frenchmen will repeat after having put an end to the disagreements that have so often embittered our heart

ream of victory. On the first day of the conflict she denied right, appealed to force, flouted history, and

d to put her conduct in a better light by trying to throw the responsibility for the war upon the Allies. But

f the most illustrious representatives of the noble Italian Nation, demonstrate that for a long time our enemy has i

France and Russia adhered to this proposal. But Germany precipitated matters. She declared war on Russia on Aug. 1, and made an appeal to arms inevitable. And if Germany by her dipl

tion has no place, and as France and her allies, despite their attachment to

l not lay down her arms until she has avenged outraged right and regained forever the provinces which were torn from her by force, restored heroic Belgium to the fullness of her

inty of success. We owe this certitude to our army of all ranks and to our sailors, who, joined to the British N

ff French colonies, who from the very first outbreak of the war h

the victory of Flanders, and in many fights, and we owe it to the nation, which has equaled this heroism by a co

the words of our Commander in Chief, who is both a great soldier and a noble citizen, that "the republic may well be proud of the army that she has prepared." And thus, this impious war has brought o

efore the victory, and to those also who through it will avenge them

labored, accepting all the consequences of the war,

ry bonds and advances from the Bank of France, which have enabled us to bear the expenditure imposed by the war, so that we have not had any need to resort to a loan. The

she inspires in all, despite the war which is shaking and impoverishing the world. The state of her fina

ts and innocent victims who up to now have been protected by the laws of war, but whom, in order to terrify a nation which is and will ever remain unsh

ertakes before you-it has already partly carried it out, and has asked for a first credit of $70,000,000-that France will rebui

in the carrying out of this task. Our allies know that we will do so, as well as the neutral nations, and it is in vain that a wild campaig

over four months of war, it has renewed before the world the spectacle it

us continue to preserve this sacred union from any blemish today, as in the past, and in the future. Le

s giving to this ideal all the blood in her veins, and what also unshakable England is

continual threats, which Germany called peace, against a system of murders and collective pillage, which Germany called war, against the insolent hegemony o

d one mind, and tomorrow, when peace is restored and when our opinions, now voluntarily enthralled, are again given th

S BL

S. HA

s a precaution against a raid by the enemy'

ts cast a s

y tapers s

ks smolder,

gray shape

he windows,

th laughter,

ys hand upo

stars the a

y babe, lest

o still your

ot speak it

is racing w

'n's eternal

ove the swi

ght shines f

s glide the

uered

hs' Combat with 2

Bulletin

nd Calais. Around Ypres alone the invaders' losses were more than 120,000 men. These statements are made in a semi-official account of the fighting in Flanders, which tak

Germans, first to turn the left of ourselves and our allies, and then, that having been prevented, to break through, has entirely faile

sea they massed, in the beginning of October, fifteen army corps, including four divisions of cavalry. Their army heads, the Crown Prince of Bavaria,

of "piercing the line at Dupres or Ypres," for, as one of these orders stated, "the decisive coup remains to be struck, and to accomplish this the allied line must be

nced to them that he would be at Ypres on Nov. 1, and that was the date fixed for the annexation of Belgium. In

the Allies to oppose the enemy with a force which if not equal

English Army had left the Aisne to operate in the north. The army of Gen. de Castelnau did not extend on its left south of Arras. The army of Gen. Maudhuy stretch

ent him in the ensuing three weeks, and during that period the rail and automobile services operated day and night, hur

lgian Army was being reorganized. South of Dixmude, and along the canal, our line stretched to the east, forming before Ypres a vast half circle occupied by four French and

re to be reached. The purpose was to envelop us and cut the British lines of communication to the sea. Al

eft bank of the river. We then pushed the German rear guard into the water, and to this day G

e of Ypres, a furious and savage struggle, with the German commanders hurling their organizations in e

ood their repeated and frantic attacks. All these attacks were repulsed, and this

closest union, and this union, in which co-operation was so splendidly mai

ey were thrown back to the other side. On the 12th also they gained a little ground south of Ypres, but this loss was

tly supported by our Allies. These actions have sealed the fraternity of the allied troops, and th

ave been found, and this is impressive when we take into consideration that the Germans take advantage of every opportunity

e German masses. All this marks the importance of our successes, and significance is added by the fact t

tion with her armies in France gravely endangered. In maintaining her lines from the sea to Arra

ght at the beginning of September and since the middle of November. When we consider this, it is plain that o

ys. As for the allied troops, they have gained the qualities they perhaps lacked most in the beginning, particularly as regards rapid or

, it must be said, and said again, for such is the truth, are still facing us. Fifteen German army corps and the whole of the Austrian force are facing Russia. Yet t

onths

Bulletin des Armé

hs of War," which is a summary account of the events that have taken place since the outbreak of hostilities. This document estimates as fifty-two army corps and ten cavalry divisions

on the spot where the enemy would prove most active. The violation of Belgium made us acquain

e English army, which was to take place only on Aug. 20, we at once took measures

badly conducted, took us to Mülhausen,

re. On Aug. 20 we held the road to Colmar through the Vo

d Belgium forced us to limit the field of operations in

successful. On Aug. 19 we had reached Sarrebourg, Les

y intrenched on thoroughly fortifi

ompelled to fall back on Grand-Cour

from the armies of Gens. Dubail and Cast

agnificent resistance of Liége. Every one knows of the conditions under which the Fre

ffensive in Belgian Luxemburg with the armies of Gens. Ruffey and Langle

he enemy. There was also, in some of our army corps, a

army Gen. Lanrezac's army, anxious for its right wing, then fell b

y, kept in check at Landrecies and L

contests. The enemy lost heavil

esulting from the retreat of our left wing or else retreat along the whole fr

ief decided upon th

ose of Lanrezac's army at Saint-Quentin and Guise, of Langle's army on the Meuse, and of Ruffey's army further east. They were supported from Nancy to the Vosges by Castelnau's and Du

a day, was so swift that Gen. Joffre, in order to realize his p

as the Seine if necessary; everything should be

fulfilled-our left wing (Maunoury's army, the English Army, the army of Lanr

,) marching to the south toward Meaux and Coulommi

ed a general advance, adding: "The hour has come to

OF THE

ected by Gen. Maunoury against the

south to the north two army corp

tretching from Rozoy to Lagny, (on the 6th,) straightened its line toward the north, cross

he enemy to retreat, and at the same time supporting the action of its neighbo

France During First F

lar

ans failed to hold N

the dash to Paris, ter

sful flanking movement against the Fr

similar flanking operati

forts to break through Fre

on Calais and Dunkirk,

ruitless assaults, ending Nov. 1

line of battl

ans were going to seek revenge for the check of their right wing; if they had succeeded in cutting us

f the 9th the left of his army, shifting from west to east toward Fère-Champenoise,

s withdrew in great haste, and on the 11th in t

rward, and on the 12th, after spirited encounters, i

although meeting with a stubborn resistance, hastened the German retreat, which was acce

paign turned in our favor. We have maintain

E FOR T

an the "race for the sea." During this long battle the German staff never lost the hope of turning the allied left wing, while we hoped to be able

amely, the concentric shape of their front which sim

mpted by their right with twelve army corps, six rese

firmed the victo

of Maunoury's army against the German right wing. But t

rmed on the left of Maunoury's army

ches over Lassigny, Roye, and Péronne. It was supported on its l

army of Castelnau, Maudhuy's army came to the front, and occupied the region of Arras a

strenuous exertions of the enemy, formed too thin

French the transportation of the English Army f

rotection of the British and French marines was also on its way to the Ys

20. On the other hand, the Belgian Army, which had been fighting for three

ch the mission of co-ordinating the o

h, continually increasing until Nov. 12, were to form the

ns and an English corps, was henceforth t

t the French General Staff, by shifting so swiftly such huge bodies o

was a total failure of the

FFENSIVE

lve army corps and four cavalry corps w

delivered. For three weeks the German staff hurled furious assaults in mass formation. But as early as N

tti and Admiral Ronarc'h held first the railroad from

aching the left bank, was forced to withdraw. I

Dixmude to the north of

two points, were pushed back to the other bank, th

lfourrier, and Douglas Haig had

had been particularly violent, but the English and the French regaine

rman attacks weakened. The infantry engaged us less

e of Ypres alone, had l

pared and spirited offensive un

OF S

ridges of the Vosges a war of siege was ceas

ing this war inch by inch, never yielding, progressing often in spite of the adde

y and Gen. de Castelnau held without flinching in the slightest the line be

nd La Bassée have been strengthened, Quesnoy-en-Santerre has been captured, and in al

Cary were confronted with very strong positions, viz., the heights of the Aisne, o

lent general attack. This attack was a fai

of his troops just as a week later he

right flank against attacks on the line from Metz to Thionville; to retain in front of them the greatest possible number of German army

upper hand, fortified themselves in St. Mihiel,

Oct. 1 to Nov. 30) we

cy, which is now quite safe from German shells, to the nor

in its integrity the invaded terri

tuation on Dec.

s equal to what it was on Aug. 2, a

ow fight like veterans. All are deeply convinced of their

ficers, and in the last three months none of those mistakes

increased. The heavy artillery which we lacked has b

is numerically stronger than at the outset of the campaign. The In

into six divisions. It is ready and ea

OF GERMAN

led in their abrup

their swift m

envelop our lef

the same atte

rce through our ce

tack by way of the coas

in their att

ées concludes its ac

ves in this fruitless effort. H

her superiority against Germa

er this check are fat

r months. The moment had come to sum up these oper

VE THE

AUDE

ng Alber

express all my admiration of heroic Belgium, and to offer a l

Long live the Allie

tates Fa

ias Against Ger

yan, American Se

ges that have been made and of the arguments current in German circles accusing the Administration of unfriendliness to Germany and Austria-Hungary. Senator Stone was interested in having these charges answered for two reasons: First, there is a large German population in St. Louis, the chief city of his Sta

ON, Jan.

mmittee on Foreign Relations, Unit

and Russia against Germany and Austria during the present war and stating that you have received numerous letters to the same effect from sympathizers with the latter powers. You summarize the various grounds of these c

the department has on the subjects referred t

y submarine cables versus cens

able messages require different treatme

nt possesses naval superiority the cable is cut, as was the German cable near the Azores by one of Germany's enemies, and as was the British cable near Fanning Island by

be received by belligerent warships on the high seas. If these messages, whether plain or in cipher, direct the movements of warships or convey to them information

nsored, otherwise military information may be sent to warships off the coast of a neutral. It is manifest that a submarine cable is incapable of becoming a mea

e cases repeated destruction of Am

this course in regard to private letters falling into their hands. The unquest

ted in concrete form this Government would not be justified in presenting the matter to the offending belligerent. Complaints have come to the department that mail on board neutral steamers has been opened and detained, but there seem to

an and Austrian subjects on the high seas

nce is made is now the subject of a rigid investigation, and vigorous representations have been made to the offending Government. The other exception, where certain German passengers were made to sign a promise not to take part in

ritorial waters of a belligerent becomes subject to its

le for which the United States went to war in 1812. If the failure to protest were true, which it is not, the principle involved

regarding absolute and conditional contraband as laid down in The

n nations. It is the practice of a century, either in time of peace or after the outbreak of war, to declare the articles which it will consider as absolute or conditional contraband. It is true that a neutral Government is seriously affected by this declarati

ment has stood for a restricted list of absolute and conditional contraband. As a belligerent, w

ide destined to neutral ports, on the ground that such seizures and detentions were contrary to the existing rules of international law. It will be recalled, however, that A

shipped to the enemy, is corroborative evidence that the cargo is really destined to the enemy, instead of to the neutral port of delivery. It is thus seen that some of the doctrines which appear to bear harshly upon neutrals at the present time are analogous

nclusion of copper and other articles in

instead of in its list of conditional contraband. As the Government of the United States has in the past placed "all articles from which ammunition is man

ipments. In every case in which it has been done vigorous representations have been made to the British

ence with American trade to neutral countr

s possessed that superiority our trade has been interrupted and that few articles essential to the prosecution of the war have been allowed to reach its enemy from this country. The dep

de at least in part trade in contraband with Germany, while other complaints demand th

band consigned to private persons in Germany and Austria, thereby supporting

Great Britain of an American vessel with a belligerent destination. Until a case arises and the Government has taken action upon it, criticism is premature and unwarranted. The United Sta

rference with trade in petrole

e conclusion that they are improperly included in a list of contraband. Military operations today are largely a question of motive power through mechanical devices. It is therefore difficult to argue successfully against the inclusion of petroleum

rol, is regarded by some authorities as essential to motive power today. Leather is even more widely used in cavalry and infantry equipment. It is understood that both rubber and leather, together with wool, h

ritain and her allies of arms, ammunition, horses, uniforms, and

ms or ammunition into belligerent territory, except in the case of neighboring American republics, and then only when civil strife prevailed. Even to this extent the belligerents in the present conflict, when they were neutrals, have never, so far as the records disclose, limited the sale of mun

ward traffic in contraband of war by citizens of neutral countries. The Imperial Government stated that "under the general principles of international law, no exception can be taken to neutral States, letting war material go to Germany's enemie

"Neutrality and Trade in Contraband." Acting in conformity with the propositions there set forth, the United States has itself taken no part in contraband traffic, and has,

ot suppressed the sale of du

of the Winchester Company, the correctness of which the company has confirmed to the department by telegraph. In this statement the company categorically denies that it has received an order for such guns and cartridges from or made any sales of such material to the British Government, or to any other Governme

newspaper reports of statements alleged to have been made by the Ambassador in regard to the sales by that company of soft-nosed bullets. From this letter, a copy of which w

ompany adds that its statements can be substantiated and that it is ready to give the Ambassador any evidence that he may require on these points. The department further stated that it was also in receipt from the company of a complete detailed list of the persons t

e The Hague Conventions, the department would be glad to be furnished with this evidence, and that the President would, in case any American company is shown to be engaged in this traffic, use his influence to

ador's note and the department's

ints of alleged sales of dumdum bullets by

itted to lie off American port

r vessels in the vicinity of New York Harbor was offensive to this Government, and a similar complaint was made to the Japa

ian war President Grant issued a proclamation warning belligerent warships against hovering in the vicinity of American ports for purposes of observation or hostile acts. The same policy

llowed without protest to disregard Ame

ase of apparent illegal arrest the United States Government has entered vigorous protests with request of release. The department does not know of any cases except one or two, which are still under investigation, in which naturalized G

g American citizens, and for the purpose of returning to Germany without molestation by her enemies during the voyage. There are indications that a systematic plan h

al. New regulations, however, requiring among other things the attaching of a photograph of the bearer to his passport, under the seal

cy in regard to loa

tion of export not only might not, but, in this case, would not, operate equally upon the nations at war. Then, too, the reason given for the disapproval of war loans is supported by other considerations which are absent in the case presented by the sale of arms and ammunition. The taking of money out of the United States during such a war as this might seriously embarrass the Government in ca

ly throughout the country, so that the people would be divided into groups of partisans, which would result in intense bitterness and might cause an undesirable if not a serious situation. On the other hand, contracts for and sales of contraband are mere

en made by foreign Governments in this country since the President

rn Americans on neutral vessels and in

es of injustice of this sort is unquestionably true, but Americans in Germany have suffered in this way, as Americans have in Great Britain. This Government has considered that the majority of these cases resulted from overzealousn

nt of non-combatants in detent

t have made impartially. Their reports have shown that the treatment of prisoners is generally as good as possible under the conditions in all countries, and that there is no more reason to say that they are mistreated in one country than in another country, or that this Government

attached to the American Embassy at Berlin, make an investigation of the prison camps in England, in addition t

or British troops and war materials ac

ve been presented. The transshipment of reservists of all belligerents who have requested the privilege has been permitted on condition that they travel as individuals and not as an orga

ted States territory has come to the department's notice. This was a request on the part of the Can

ment of German S.S. Geier and t

to Nov. 7, to make repairs and leave the port, or, failing to do so, to be interned. A longer period would have been contrary to international practice, which does not permit a vessel to remain for a long time in a neutral port for the purpose of rep

ssel had delivered coal to the Geier en route and had accompanied her toward Hawaii. As she had thus consti

rules relative to coaling of

ations were framed through the collaboration of the State, Navy, and War Departments and without the slightest reference to favoritism to the belligerents. Befor

months thereafter. Now it is charged that the United States has shown partiality, because Great Britain and not Germany happens to have colonies in the near vicinity where British ships may coal, while Germany has no such coaling facilities. Thus it is intimated the United States should balance the inequalit

modifications of the Declaration o

he memorandum was forthwith telegraphed to the department on Oct. 22, and was replied to shortly thereafter to the effect that the United States had withdrawn its suggestion, made early in the war, that for the sake of uniformity the Declaration of London should be adopted as a temporary code of naval warfare

hat code of naval warfare are of no concern to it, except as they adversely affect the rights of the United States and those of its citizens as defin

attitude of Government t

hose countries, this feeling results from the fact that on the high seas the German and Austro-Hungarian naval power is thus far inferior to the

the relative naval strength of the belligerents. No such obligation exists; it would be an unneutral act, an act of partiality on the part of this Government to adopt such a policy if the Executive had the power to do so. If Germany and Austria-Hungary

fficient answer to the charge of unfriendliness to Germany and

. B

WITH SEA

TH M.

e around a cheerless hearth.... America opened the window ... and slipped

ps many are

send plies

ves! May her co

ing millions h

Province" be

fiat-a monar

eir lands, they hav

em up, they have

hin-their ta

he lords of the

yrmidons, fi

hink of the

men eat, let t

the "Province" who

n feed-that thei

s be lusty, thei

y Province" b

bond and they

sit by their s

ar their burden

the waters are

r sorrow (too cr

the family robb

where sealed

ps many are

send plies

ves!... Ye have

"Province," bu

of Americ

yan, American Se

ly in London. At the same time copies of the American communication were for the first time delivered to the Ambassadors and Ministers of all the powers at Washington, and the note was cabled by them to their respective Governments. The American communication-it is not a note, strictly s

te to the American A

ment o

ON, Dec.

pean ports has become so serious as to require a candid statement of the views of this Government in order that the British Government may be fu

e in the most friendly spirit and in the belief that frankness will better serve the continuance of cordial relations between the two countries than silence, whic

eized on the high seas, taken into British ports, and detained sometimes for weeks by the British authorities. During the early days of the war this Government assumed that th

neutral countries of Europe. This Government, relying confidently upon the high regard which Great Britain has so often exhibited in the past for the rights of

DISLAUS

olish Legion of

rom Enge

VON KR

Austrian Ge

om Paul T

the Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish Governments as to non-exportation of contraband goods when consigned to named persons in the territories of those Governments, and that orders had

t treat less rigorously ships and cargoes passing between neutral ports in the peaceful pursuit of lawful commerce, which belligerents should protect rather than interrupt. Th

is the normal relation between nations and that the commerce between countries which are not belligerents should not be interfered with by those at w

Government is reluctantly forced to the conclusion that the present policy of his Majesty's Government toward neutral ships and cargoes exceeds the manifest necessity of a belligerent and c

of absolute and conditional contraband which have been proclaimed by his Majesty. Open to objection as some of these seem to this G

the countries to which they were destined have not prohibited the exportation of such articles. Unwarranted as such detentions are, in the opinion of this

rder" which arrive in ports of Italy cannot be exported or transshipped. The only exception Italy makes is of copper which passes through that country in transit to another country. In spite of these decrees, however, the British Foreign Office has thus far declined to affirm that copper shipments consigned to Italy will not be molested on the high s

the policy which they have adopted in order that we may determine the steps necessary to protect our citizens engaged in foreign trade

merican cargoes which have been seized consist of foodstuffs and other articles of common use in all countries which are admittedly relative contraband. In spite of the presumption of innocent use because destined to neutral territory, the British

m interrupted voyages and detained cargoes is not entirely cured by reimbursement of the owners for the damages which they have suffered, after investigation has failed to establish an

tended by the shippers, they will ultimately reach the territory of the enemies of Great Britain. Yet this belief is frequently reduced to a mer

port raises a legal presumption of enemy destination appears to be directly contrary to the doctri

y if they are for the enemy forces; it is not sufficient that they are capable of being so u

entire accord, and upon this historic doctrine, consistently maintained by Great Brit

EVIDENCE TO JUSTIFY A BELIEF THAT CONTRABAND ARTICLES ARE IN THEIR CARGOES; but his Majesty's Government, judging by their own experience in the past, must realize that this Government cannot without protest permit American ships or American carg

rse of conduct more in conformity with the rules of international usage, which Great Britain has strongly sanc

enied long-established markets in European countries, which, though neutral, are contiguous to the nations at war. Producers and exporters, steamship and insurance companies, are pre

acles and difficulties which their present policy has placed in the way of commerce between the United States and the neutral countries of Europe and will instruct its officials to refrain from all unnecessary interference with the freedom of trade between nations which are sufferers, though not participants, in the

ritish people. Already it is becoming more and more the subject of public criticism and complaint. There is an increasing belief, doubtless not entirely unjustified, that the present British policy toward American trade is responsible for the depression in certain industries whic

AM J.

ary of

WN PRINCE

Associat

nt to the local correspondent of The Associated Press, in response to a reques

Being an officer and no diplomat, I have no right to

ite certain that we will come out on top, and

en the people of Russia and France will find out t

America absolutely fai

but a good many of my countr

M, Kron

al British

tary of State for Foreign

the undue detention of American ships and cargoes seized for search for contraband. The answer, signed by Sir Edward Grey, the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, was

tate for Foreign Affairs t

FFICE, Ja

ly shall be addressed to your Excellency dealing in detail with the issues raised and the points to which the United States Government have drawn attention. This consideration and the preparation of the reply wi

lency and that we desire to reply in the same spirit and in the belief that, as your Excellency

belligerent's national safety, and then only to the extent to which this is necessary. We shall endeavor to keep our action within the limits of this principle on the understanding that it admits our right to interfere when such interference i

trade with neutral countries, and it is stated that, through the action of his Majesty's Government, the products of the great industries of the United States have been denied long-established markets in European c

some further consideration should be given to the question whether United States trade with these neutral countries has been so seriously affected. The only figures as to the t

Denmark, $558,000, $7,101,000; Sweden, $377,000, $2,858,000; Norway, $477,00

rk figures would be no guide, but his Majesty's Government have been most careful not t

ard to the state of trade with these neutral countries, which may point to a different conclusion or show that it is the action of his Majesty's Government in particular and not t

of diminished purchasing power of such countries as France, Germany, and the United Kingdom rather than to interference with trade with neutral countries. In the matter of cotton it may be recalled th

ficial returns for the export of copper from the United States for Italy for the months during wh

n two hundred and t

n two hundred and eigh

urns, but are included in the heading "Other Europe"; that is, Europe other than the United Kingdom, Russia, Fr

o hundred and seventy

n three hundred and for

, but for that of a belligerent who cannot import it direct. It is therefore an imperative necessity for the safety of this country while it is at war

r, four consignments to Sweden at the present time of copper and aluminium which, though definitely consigned to Swed

s Majesty's Government in taking suspected cargoes to a prize court, and we are convinced that it cannot be in accord with the wish either of the Government or of the people of the

emy or the enemy Government. We believe that this rule has been adhered to in practice hitherto, but if the United States Government have instances to the contrary we are prepared to examine them, and it is our present intention to adhere to the rule, though we can

ark, Norway, Sweden, and Italy has been 773. Of these there are 45 which have had consignments of cargoes placed in the prize

presence of contraband the vessel should be brought into port for examination. In no other way can

United States under another designation to escape notice, and such cases have occurred in seve

red. Cotton is not specifically mentioned in your Excellency's note, but I have seen public statements made in the United States that the

on every occasion when questioned on the point they have stated their intention of adhering to this practice. But information has reached us that, precisely because we have declared our inte

f a particular ship that the bales of cotton concealed copper or other contraband the only way to prove our case would be to examine and weigh the bales, a process that could be carried out only b

amichi case. This case, which was decided against the Crown, laid down that the American shipper was to be paid even when he had

ered with commercial interests in the United States. It is, of course, difficult for his Majesty's Government to permit the export of rubber from British dominions to the United States at a time when rubber is es

rom the United States which they believed to be destined for an enemy country and reasonable latitude of action for this purpose were conceded. But his Majesty's Government have now provi

acturing armament. The trade figures of imports show how strong this tendency is, but we have no complaint to make of the attitude of the Governments of those countries, which, so far as we are aware, have not departed fr

ssels from the United States ports. We had no "locus standi" for complaining of this change and did not complain. But the effect of it must be to increase the difficulty of ascertaining the pres

contest the general principles of law on which they understand the note of the United States to be bas

gement by which mistakes can be avoided and reparation secured promptly, when any injury to the neutral owners of a ship or cargo has been improperly caused, for they are most desirous, in the inte

ighest consideration, your Excelle

G

and

am Rosco

York Times,

ce," "Italica," "A Short History of Venice," and "The Life and Times of Cavour." The last named, published three years ago, made a marked impression and won for its author an enviable plac

arguments to prove, first, that Russia, next, that France and Belgium, and, finally, that England began the struggle. The Kaiser himself, with that disdain of fact which is the privilege of auto

r stages in July, when they were preparing for the war. Only after they had laid their train so surely that an explosion was almost inevitable did they communicate the documents to Italy and call upon her to take her place in the fie

the "White Papers" and other official diplomatic correspondence; and all the efforts of German zealots and casuists have not subtracted on

ench automobile with two French officers in it, across a corner of Belgium, thirty minutes before the German Army invaded Belgium, proved that the French and Belgians began the war. They sneered a little at Italian honor;

sed to back up her allies, she would be treated without mercy at the end of hostilities. When the policy of terrorizing failed, seductive promises were held out-suggestions of an addition to Italian territory and of a subsidy for military expenses. These also fa

oys expatiate on the beauties of neutrality, and, although they are a polite people, they must have found it hard to keep from laughing when the agents of Dr. Bethmann-Hollweg, who

war in behalf of the Allies; but they, too, seem to have met with a chilly reception. The Italian Socialists, like the rest of the world, wondered why it was that 5,0

reau, which has pursued methods there similar to those they have made us familiar with here. But in Italy they have been more guarded and less truculent, and they have not, like the prep

year of the German Army. They knew perfectly well what the tremendous efforts of the Germans to create a great navy meant. They had no illusions as to the purpose of the strategic railways to the Belgian frontier on the west or to the Russian border on the east. They knew how narrowly a European war was averted during the Balkan cataclysm two years ago. They did not wrong the Kaiser by supposing that the i

aly's obligation to support the Triple Alliance would cease. Since it would be suicidal for Italy to accept the liability of a casus foederis which should expos

arious publications. Gen. Bernhardi, for instance, who knew so accurately the intentions of the German General Staff and the secrets of the German Foreign Office, intimates more than once that Germany and Austria, in their war for world power, need not hope for Italy's support. Referring to Col. Boucher's book, "L

lar

ase of England will appear when we glan

werless for a generation. But within four years she paid the indemnity and had so far recovered in her armament, commerce, and prosperity, that the Iron Chancellor prepar

he preferred; but Russia proved an uncertain partner, as she feared Germanization, on the one hand, and, on the other, she was the encou

e, and she still clung to her policy of splendid isolation. But Italy was unattached; and while she was the least formidable of the six great powers, Bismarck saw that he could make good use of her for his own purposes. The adroitness by which he drew h

o zealous Roman Catholics throughout the world. Her nearest neighbors-France and Austria-having long been the most loyal supporters of the head of the Roman Church, Italy could not be sure that either or both of them might not intrigue against her in behalf of the restoration of the Papacy. There was also in

are to believe Crispi, the Chancellor was ready then to draw up a treaty with her, and went so far as to hint that he approved of Italy's aspirations. Among these were the possession of Tunis and a foothold on the east coast of the Adriatic. The next

coast of Sicily; it commanded the passage between the western and eastern Mediterranean; and, above all, it was the symbol of Italy's colonial ambition. To have a colony, if not several, was then r

n reasons. Bismarck's motives were plain-he wished to entangle France further in African colonial ventures. It had taken forty years, many thousand soldiers' lives, and great expenditures for France to make Algiers reaso

lt anxious at the possibility of French hostile pressure before, they had an even greater reason for such anxiety now that the French controlled the Mediterranean south of t

at that time were France and Russia; for England was still isolated, and Bismarck, although he felt a strong antipathy toward the Englis

l empires standing by, ready to defend her? Her wounded pride, also, was solaced by her admission on equal te

xties, Napoleon III. had maintained at Rome that French garrison which prevented them from emancipating the States of the Church from Papal control, and from completing the unification of Italy. They remembered that Napoleon annexed Nice-Garibaldi's birthplace-to France, and that the

in his cap when, in 1889, he declared a tariff war on France. Hard times for Italy followed; the commerce of the country was dislocated, and although Crispi tried to get compensation by negotiating special te

m the agreement? The reply commonly given is, protection. But, we ask, protection from whom? Not from France, because it is clear enough that, whether the Triplice existed or not

he alliance restrained Austria from attack; but Austria permitted herself every o

with Papal pretensions; but how little Germany cared for Italy's welfare in this struggle appeared in 1903, when Kaiser Wilhelm prevented the election of Cardin

in the eastern shore of the Adriatic. Germany pretended to favor her interests-according to Crispi, Bismarck even went so far as to ask, "Why don't you take Albania?"-but it was Austria that Germany steadily

rsons on the inside at Rome whispered that, if Italy had not occupied Tripoli when she did, Germany would have forestalled her; for the Kaiser, furious at being thwarted in Morocco and at having failed to bully France into submission, as he had done in 1905, had determined to seize Tripoli, come

Libyan enterprise, and that, in their intrigues in the Balkan P

d; "He had found Count Kálnoky (the Austrian Premier) ... still uneasy lest we (Italy) may come to consider the Triple Alliance insufficiently advantageous, merely because it cannot supply us, at once and in times of peace, with th

ly has got less and less return from th

y resolved to destroy, Italy quite logically let it be understood that she would not engage in a fight against England. Over thirty years of political alliance

their long struggle for independence the Italians had had the sympathy of the best Englishmen, and in Palmerston, and especially in Lord John Russell, they found very powerful political helpers. But never since Bismarck took

er reason than self-interest, or than fear, however, will guide the Italians. In their past civilization and in their modern ideals they belong with the Western powers. They know the origin of their national independence. And if any Ministry should atte

to her I owe all that I am." That, too, i

THE BUGLE

EY C.D

ed mill at the f

l-wheel turn

ears through the

's relentle

note of the cat

that he dried

e back

ill while

ne last kiss f

the mi

rom th

the wind

'er th

drum-beat up

ard the bug

for the mill or s

t the mill-w

the beat of a mill

eart's muffl

ave feet trod, lit

of his call sh

e back

ill while

one last kiss

the mi

rom th

the wind

'er th

drum-beat up

ard the bug

oldiers

f Prince

r, to Sergt. Karl Kummer of a Prussian Regiment of Guards, who had been sent, b

that-that no one could hold him back when the time came to do some thrashing! God grant that you may spe

that will make you comfortable. You know how happy I have always been for your devotion to the service, and how we two always were for action (Schwung.) I, too, am p

M OF P

of Rudo

Herzog, one of the leading German novelists and poets

d ears, whistled through our clothing, penetrated the pores of our skin. And in the deluge-sights that made us shudde

sins. A short command. A howling of death. Squarely across the road we surge. A bloody gr

unjust alike, the lashin

g along day after day, wrapped up tightly, our rifles ready, through wood an

ained but beams rolled up by

In three days new bri

! Rain or no rain

the sweat of their brows; look like fat toiling devils; hang along the banks, lie in the water-after all, in this weath

e only thought, by day and by night-on to the enemy, come what may! No min

ay after day. Laughter, when we tried it, died sickly on our lips. The bridges! the bridges! and nothing

to the old bridge, a newly built one stretches from sho

rd! You? From the

y name as h

tions! Cong

paper above a

rascal! At the home of our poet-I've just

Has the sun broken suddenly into the enemy

w bridge r

rs the shuddering

have a little gi

y smile to me in

far sky. Officers and men for a single heart-throb listen as to a distant song from the lips of children and from a mother's mouth-stand there

German Rhine, in an old castle lost amid

. 17, 1914, i

the Duke o

y the Duke of Altenburg on Sept. 5, an

ched Willdorf, near Jülich, by train, and from the 12th of August we marched without a single day of rest except Aug. 16, which we s

AL P

r of Marine, Who Sh

l of Turki

ernational N

ALI

rkish Parliament, Who Wa

medan Prisoners Capt

Press Illu

ated great amazement, in Louvain as well as in Brussels, into which the entire -- marched at one time. At first we were taken for Englishmen in almost every village, and we s

st rifle and artillery fire. Since that time there have been almost daily skirmishes and continual long marches; the enemy stalks ahead of us in seven-league boots. On Aug. 26 we put behind us a march of exactly twenty-three hours, from 6:30 o'clock in the morning ti

after we had all eaten in common with the men in a field

have a real bed-the fourth, I believe, since the war be

Paul Osk

aul Oskar H?cker is a

onduct investigations, arrest those apparently liable to military service, and to take possession of all arms. Unexpectedly large stores of ammunition thus fell into our hands. Among these seizures were many chests containing dumdum bullets and bearing the

his cash fortune of 110,000 francs, as well as his household furniture and his two hunting dogs, to Mme. Isabelle H. The forsaken Mme. Isabelle, who sought distant and clearer skies two days befo

hat are all the experiences of this campaign, compared to the heavy, h

Continual detrainments of French troops were taking place at L. A further advance was to be permitted to them under no conditions. The march toward L. took place on various ro

best advantage every protruding corner and extension of a building, and utilizing every alley of trees for firing attacks. Then the Frenchman clears these spaces quic

e first time there is a matching of fighting forces. Undoubtedly the foe is far superior to us numerically;

ings are set aflame on all three sides. Troop at a time, the French now take to flight, most of them abando

on the road toward Lille itself are quickly cleared of the enemy. The bicycle

and machine guns. The Frenchman is an expert in the location of excellent hiding places, wire entanglements, and the like. He even puts forth infinite efforts to make his fortified positions extremely comfortable nests

s the smaller houses. Suddenly one of the machine guns ceases-it must have been concealed in the hedge close to the church; the gun squad serving it must have been found by the fire of our gunners; for presently there is noticeable in that quarter a foot race of red-trousered infantrymen. In the moa

t, infantrymen in uniform or in rapidly donned civil garb-the tell-tale red of the trousers shows under the short vest of one of them. In the streets lie curious bundles, the corpses of those who have fallen here. A wounded soldier drags wearily up to the subaltern

s over us. We greet

ave almost every house opened by force, in order that the men, worn out with marching and fighting, may rest. Here and there, in a

r glasses of mulled wine. We are waiting for orders for the next day. The orders reach us at 1 o'clock that night;

detachments of troops sent from the north have reached L. They talk of 40,000 to 50,000 men, chiefly newly enlisted forces and territorials; but Englishmen, too, are said to be among them. Our assigned task does not include fighting a destructive battle. We are simply to c

ne guns. New problems are in store on the right wing for the brave division which has already distinguished itself throughout the

a heavy, heavy, he

ves. They sing and whistle and whirr above our heads. After yesterday's losses (half a column of the Fifth Company is still busy burying our dead, la

elief that mighty forces were being assembled here for a further tremendous blow. The object of our assignment would in that case already have been for the most par

alley of poplars along the road. The roadway is strewn with branches and twigs. Just beside the northern column of our battery the monstrous shell has buried itself in the clay soi

ible as is the devastation which such an instrument of murder can wreak, you gradually grow accustomed to the roaring sto

re the railway bridge can be seen, are hos

nch machine gun fires at it without hitti

eft of the farmhouse, developing a column

ahead, throws himself on his belly, creeps on; a second follows. At one, two kilometers, scarcely a headpiece is visible. The left column is l

at a time, with long pauses! You'

a clattering sound in the

man, Ca

, I've he

flesh-colored oval faces, that immediately turn up to greet each flight of an

ot have put forth these tremendous efforts. His strength, in such fortified positions

ing forward. To remain s

oom-buzz-tsha! Tac

our helmets. Our artillery covers us in front, so that we cannot fire at the single bodies of advance riflemen

seen! Nothin

ne rob him of the honor of advancing in the foremost row of riflemen. We crawl forward on all fours. After thirty meters, halt. Still nothin

at the entrance to F.

alter, fall. But at the same time we have betr

igh! Aim well, men! E

d crashing is tremendous, but even more horrible is this singing and whi

beside me asks. "They're already stan

artillery-and on the left their infantry, well protected, has advanced under cover to our flank.

n of life. Our battery is gone; it

the order to me. The order travels by word of mouth along our line. It is a long time before it reaches the riflemen furthe

ow, as the shells strike, clouds of dirt fly into my eyes. I

: "Now they've got us

t. For a moment I think of the droll problem given to the officer at the military examination: "What would you do if you saw artillery u

e is now no help for it. Now it's a

ay, men! We're

y-rick on the left. So, there they're adv

g the church yard wal

although the machine gun fire is sweeping us again. The man

ullet has passed midway through

! One at a tim

an of the second column

s the ba

in the dir

e, still fight

me riflemen in a rifle fi

I point in th

. The machine guns are nearer there. After a short consultat

er there! To die! I stumble over a ridge in the field. A few moments of unconsciousness. Then again the tacktack-tacktack of the machine guns. God, our Lord, Thou art our re

y. Halt at the brow

e. "Rifles in positi

sues a pause in the firing over there. We make g

ot go

od with you. You've fought well. Damn you, fellow, ru

like only to take a single look at my little garden. I'm a city child, and have grown so fond of the flowers, this little bi

rt; to dust th

t afraid? Eh?" A

on't know how to shoot. Such

ack! Run on! The patent-lea

one of the othe

! Keep hal

the same. But now nobody runs with lowered head. We are now

its ammunition, the order was given: "Retire, all!" It reached me, in

straggle

our Chief

t. Has returned slowly on an artillery hors

battalion after the other companies. Night is falling. Somewhere a

one believed that a single man of us could escape that devil's caldron

ain! My

men in the baggage division. It has already been mulled. A plate of rice soup. The earth-crumb is still sticking to my lips. I swallow it down wi

hat one has been seen by some one of his comrades after the fight. Well, then they are only scattered, and will find their way back by and by.

es of the fort. I awake several times in terror. Deep, deep silence. Only the

sentinel. How soft I've got it! So warm here! I

ooks. War is a great teacher. We learn to love the e

r of the

the Franco-Prussian war and sent home by one who reca

d this

o guar

nd m

ight

comfort sw

my grave

will pay a

one pick

rrespo

ace of

ceval

le to The Ne

in Russian the place of tombs. It is thus christened by the troops who camp in a great forest which shadows the whole position. It is a point at w

t at their backs for reserves and supports. Upon this iron front the Germans spent themselves in fruitless attacks, incurring cr

ap their way toward the Russian trenches. Incidentally they expended shells enough to last an army through the whol

ven the loopholes on the breastworks, since the worst shot in the world can send bullet after bullet through any loophole at that distance. The Russians are able to throw hand grenades, with wh

yards behind the actual first line. Here, as always, was a straw-padded, candle-lit interior, with an orderly waiting, with telephone to ear, and all those rough-and-ready contrivances by which men live who have death forever a

d the Germans and presently to resume the offensive, to which each one of them looks forward, and advance at last toward the frontier of Germany. None underestimates the enemy. They criticis

at Radziwillow, where the fine Russian trench is practically impregnabl

oss the woods to the south of the railway, bursting on an empty stretch of fields about a thousand yards away, and turned seven or eight hu

edure has no longer its old character of desperate decision but has become more desultory and their pressure

national hero. I can only keep my eyes on the small portion of the long front limited by Socahczew on the north and Msczonow on the south, but in regard to this region I can offer my perso

ng-tao With

ferson

The Minneapolis Journ

York Times,

Tsing-tao. Opening the breech, they removed the smoking cartridge case, put in another loaded one, and waited to learn whether the

urret and said, perhaps, "Very good. Put some more in the same place," or, "That one was fifty feet to the right or sixty feet too high." He ha

ing horned telescopes on the besieged forts. As soon as a shell landed one of the men would telephone

detachment against the triangular pumping station fort, as it was deemed wise not to turn the siege guns on the place, because the fort might be destroyed and the supply of water be cut off in the city when the troops entered. The detachment approached the fort without a

final attack of the Japanese, as it left th

e within the quarter-mile zone of the redoubt walls. The Japanese infantry, however, were sapping away, and as dusk settled over the fiel

t line, over the Japanese front line, and then the big German searchlights would flash about the field. They would fall

before. All night long the firing kept up, and it was evident that the

A snowstorm, followed by rain, had filled the trenches with water a foot deep, and it was in t

low Sea, and with the thermometer at 2 below zero it was not any too comfortabl

he redoubt walls of the forts, climbed ten feet to the bottom, and found themselves face to face with wire entanglements twenty yards wide and running the length of the wall. No German

of Gen. Yamada. The Germans were unaware that the Japanese had gained the wall, when suddenly a sentry heard Japanese voices. The signal was given and the Germans rushed from their sandbag houses into the sha

y little resistance. Gen. Johoji, on the extreme left, with Gen. Barnardiston of the British force, also advanced with the news of the capture of

uarter of a mile back toward Tsing-tao. With detachments of engineers and infantrymen, Gens. Horiuchi and Yamada ordered th

e at the base of Iltis, while the other guns had been so placed and sandbagged at the rear of the fort that they could not be qui

om all sides-17,000 men against 3,800. The German garrison could not hold out, and the white flag wa

ROKEN

ING A

VIVANTI

ng Alber

, silent-and

re of Kinghood t

ptre in

wer the Fates ha

lled, perchance

t the

andest on a b

rd still lifte

and fea

th's grim vis

m-swept nations

t the

ood-red sea of

rld rolls forwa

above t

ulgent beacon

ou hast saved

t the

*

, the brave, th

et, a crushed

desecrated

ater Belgium

s dead Belgium

ose flung out

where sky a

Figure walke

ore Him and her

rod the wave

n-the tumult

ters shine be

ead rose lyin

dead rose in

it at H

of Belgium,

den at

es Correspondent of

rk Times Corresp

efore this story of her visit, carried by the slow mails of the Far East, is read in the United States some account of the Emden's raid, but the cable can hardly carry a detailed

ng point of the Federated Malay States, where 65 per cent. of the world's tin is produced, as well as a great amount of rubber and copra. With

m China and Japan to Colombo and Europe. As a result, it has been made more or less of a naval base by the English Government. Large sto

. Had she found it temporarily undefended she could at one blow seriously have embarrassed the English cruisers patrolling thes

ch was on patrol duty outside, and entered the outer harbor of Penang. Across the channel leading to the inner harbor lay the Russian cruiser Jemtchug. Inside were the French torpedo boa

uring the previous week and did not even "query" her. Suddenly, when less than 400 yards away, the Emden emptied her bow guns into the Jemtchug and came on at a terrific pace, with all the guns she could bring to bear in ac

r Captain was spending the night ashore and that there was no one on board who seemed capable of acting energetically completed the

realized at once that unless she could get out before they joined in the action her fate was sealed. At such close quarters (the range was

hin range. As the Emden neared the Jemtchug again both ships were actually spitting fire. The range was practically point-blank. Less than 150 yards away the Emden passed the Russian, and as she did so torpedoed her amidships, striking the m

The Emden immediately opened up on her, thereby causing her to turn around in an endeavor to escape. It was too late. After a running figh

c career, was again shown. If the French boats were coming out, every moment was of priceless value to him. Nevertheless, ut

ay of him, admiringly,

the ambulance corps of the Sikh garrison turned into a temporary hospital. Almost all of them had wounds of one sort or another. Many were covered with them. Their blood-stained and, for the most part, naked bodies were enough to send shivers through even the most cold-blood

n account of what occurred from an officer who saw it all from closer range and more intimate conditions

The game proved a most interesting one and time flew by unnoticed. Finally, just before 1 A.M., it came to a close, but, owing to the fact that our going home at that hour of the morn

before us, at the entrance to the inner harbor, lay the Russian cruiser Jemtchug. Steaming toward her at full speed came the German cruiser Emden, her bow guns belching forth vast clouds of smoke, through which the flash

ide guns to bear on the Jemtchug, which by this time was literally spitting fire. The range now was less than 300 yards, and the ex

without unduly exposing herself. While she was doing this the firing diminished greatly, owing to the disinclination on the part of either, I ima

he Emden to devote part of her time to us, and we were made the objective of a severe machine-gun fire which, owing to our position in the shadow of the pier and of the

(although as a matter of fact no effort seemed to have been made along these lines,) and she accordingly started up the

s, there was another detonation even louder than the first, and she sank before I could realize what had happened. All that remained was a large pilla

ad cast off and we started across the harbor toward the place where we had last seen the

s strewn with wreckage, amid which heads were popping up and down like corks in a lily pond. It seemed as if it were alive

ed, and those that were were bleeding profusely. Practically none were wearing more than a pair of trousers, and a considerable number did not even have that. A few were frightfully lacerated, and we recovered

vors. My partner at bridge the previous night, the doctor, asked my assistance, and together we went from man to man doing what e

the Victoria jetty, which the ambulance corps of the Sikh garrison, aided by volunteers and loca

so far away that it was hard to tell with the naked eye exactly what was going on. We could see the little torpedo boat Mosquet trying to get beyond the range of the Emden's guns while the shells were throwing up water all around her. Th

sham battle. Even when the bullets started in to rattle on the iron-covered sheds above our heads there was nothing terrifying about it. After the effect of the first few shots had worn off I felt as if I were watching a

nk unarmed vessels while the crews were on board, his refraining from bombarding the town, his stopping to pick up the crew of the Mosquet, although every minute was valuable

d not to hit the town. If I did so, I am very sorry, indeed.' Well, he 'played the game,' and he has made me, for one, feel extreme

warfare, it is possible for two ships of almost equal armament to fight by daylight at almost point-blank range without resulting in the d

as poor. All this could hardly be excused, but it becomes insignificant when we consider the case of the French torpedo boats and the D'Iberville, whose help the Jemtchug had a right to expect. Here they lay in a harbor with fully ten minutes' warning that a hostile

s had steam up. Their decks were not even cleared for action. Yet, even taking this into consideration, it is inexplicable that, when two or three torpedoes from any one of them would have saved the day, none was fi

, however, it is impossible to get away from the fact that the French Navy yesterday sustained a blow to its efficiency that it will take a long time to wipe out. Theirs was a "mas

lgian

17, 1914. By its Special Corr

f the Belgian soldier as I have seen him day after day

to-mitrailleuse, or running behind his gun-team of dogs, each dog pulling and barking as if it would tear the whole German Army to pieces. I have seen him wounded on battlefields, by the roadside, and in hospitals; I have seen him, in th

much of the child in him; he is such a chatterbox and so full of laughter, and never are his laugh and badinage so quick as when he has the sternest work on hand. Unshaven, mud-bespatte

ll live most clearly in the memory, but at present the pictures of the Belgi

never one went out to the place that he had visited yesterday he was likely to find himself disagreeably surprised. One day I found myself, (I would not have been there had I known i

cribe otherwise than as hell. Muddied from head to heel, they could hardly drag their feet along, and, glad of any company, I fell in and wal

the ditch beside the road was always there. And every time I dived my companion stood in the middle of the road and shook w

ger, and taking a huge, childlike delight in my care for my personal safety, the picture of him as he stood and l

rt begins with the words, "We, Sir Edward Grey, a Baronet of the United Kingdom...." Sternly he wrinkles his brow over the formidable document, earnestly trying to do his duty. At last, "Votre nom, Edouard Gra-ee?" he asks. You explain that you wish that it was and call atte

o?" And you go on into the night feeling that you are leaving a friend behind whom you would like to s

ROIC L

ICE M

ng Alber

living langua

classes shall

l the mas

espeare's, and thy

thou heroic,

Flemish

irits in Tr

le to The Ne

their almost ceaseless roar and fury. Surely only madmen or fiends would fight in such an elemental maelstrom. We may be both, and perhaps we are, now that the whole world is topsy-turvy; for we are going savagely

own at the railroad terminal today I met some of them-a queer mixture. There was a batch of German prisoners; there was a squad of wounded Belgians, and there were four lost, sto

I saw in the early days of the war. They were in a gray funk, which is several degrees more sheer than a blue funk. They abs

and more scanty every day; that pneumonia and rheumatism were rife in their trenches, to say nothing of the dreaded typhoid, and th

pon their sodden clothes. They were cold and benumbed and desperately hungry, for their train had been held up for hours while certain private and

rians back. Every inch of our motherland regained is sweet and precious to us. Three days ago I saw our King. He was as muddy and stained, Monsieur, as I am now. An officer who was with him wanted to remove the mud from his clothes. 'But no,' said the King

and then we charged again. My bayonet broke off short in the breast of a huge German, and then in the dark and mist a great crowd swept over us as we both went down. I came to in the dawn.

t for that. Alas! I could not follow, and they br

long at the moment, picked him up like a baby, hoisted him on his shoulders,

nug, warm hospital; and here's me only lorst in this bloomin' swamp, an' got to rep

's Visit to

ndon Times,

rce sends the following description of an

England last night I believe, stayed with the General for breakfast, and saw us all before lunch, going on to the next army corps. It was quite the most informal show I have

lar detachments from all the corps not in the trenches. It was a dull morning and the mud was awful, and just before his Majesty was due a German aeroplane appeared heading straight for us. Our guns opened fire on it and it made off north, but it added excitement. Otherwise it was a quiet morning and hardly any firing from the trenches. The King a

hree; wanted to know all about trench fighting, and didn't seem to mind a bit their being covered with mud and unshaved for days. The Prince was just as interested. He wandered about at will, paying no attention to his father

t they got him into his car to move on to the next army corps. The General came back to give us his message. It was that he was very pleased with all he had seen and heard; that he wanted the troops to know that both he and the Queen

autions or rehearsal; the King tramping about in the mud as though he were partridge shooting

he London Sco

RENCHES,

d to the row and the watching through the night, which is rather nerve-racking. This trench is in a bonnie fir wood, just like bonnie Scotland, but the shell fire has damaged nearly all the trees. Today, being windy, they are falling in all direct

v.

ong as we got away from the strain of flying shells and bullets. In the trenches we lost some more of our men, but not many. I just wish you could see our battalion now; what a change from the crowd that used to march through London. Every man, almost, has a beard, and you could not imagine the dirty, bedraggled crowd we are. The strain of watching through the night in the trenches is pretty awful. The nights were pitch black, and the rain came pouring down, making the trenches an awful mess. One chap gave a lou

v.

rts, and any amount of sweets, shortbread, cake, &c. I cannot recollect two such happy days as these have been. You can have no idea how all these luxuries are appreciated after living on "bully" and biscuits. We have a perfect avalanche of cigarettes and tobacco. We had a bit of a panic this morning, as we were under orders to move at any moment, but by goo

v.

it that we are still to be here a few days, which is giving us a fine long rest. Then we may be wanted again. One of our fellows has just gone past the window with a huge sack on his back. It is most laughable to see immaculate city chaps out here doing all sor

h Ame

don Times, De

in the R.A.

es are one and a half to two feet wide, and curl and twist about in a maddening manner to make them safer from shell-fire. Little caves are scooped in the walls of the trenches, where the men live about four to a hole, and slightly bigger dugouts where two officers live. All the soil is clay, stickier and greasier than one could believe possible. It's like almost solid paint, and the least

ht he would go and see what the Germans were up to, so he hops over the side of his trench and runs forward thirty yards to a ditch and crawls along it some hundred yards or so. He then spots a large shell-hole in the field on one side of the ditch, so doubles off and gets into that and has a good look around. Not satisfied with the point of view, he sprints to a line of willows nearer still to the enemy-within 250 yards of them indeed-and proceeds to climb up one of them. While doing this he gets shot through the shoulder. He told me he thought he had ricked his arm at first, as it felt numb and useless. Meanwhile a great pal of his in th

to the Yorkshire Light

any and every opportunity. But, when all is done and the battle is over, the splendid universal "soldier spirit" comes over all the men, and we cannot help thinking that Kipling must have been in the firing line when he wrote that "East is East and West is West" thing. Just to give you some idea of what I mean, the other night four German snipers were shot o

ies a

t know

bravely

s Fath

ighest effort of all the men at German. Not bad for a

ear the roar, and the whole earth shakes. In the place where the house was there is a huge fountain-spout of what looks like pink fluff. It is the pulverized bricks. Then a monstrous shoot of black smoke towering up a hundred feet or more, and, finally, there is a curious willow-like formation, and then-you duck, as huge pieces of shell, and house, and earth, and haystack tumble over your head. And y

the Wounded

, in The London Ti

e spirit of a philanthropist, but only as a friend. You must come prepared to listen to stories that have no relation to war and the affairs of war-most soldiers, I think, are reluctant to speak of the

ared. It would not be an exaggeration to describe the first effect of them as startling. They kill so many illusions and they discredit so many belief

eryday life was still strong in him. He described the manner in which, on leaving the army originally, he had obtained his post on the railway. He told me that there were three trains each way in the day, and mentio

d we talked of his roads and the changes which had been wrought in them of late years by motor traffic. He recalled a great storm, during which the sea wall around a certai

f Christmas. I suppose by all the orthodox canons that this German should have told me that he was glad to be a prisoner or else should have declared his conviction that the German Army would speedily carry everythi

d led to his being maimed for life. He shook his head. "No, because I've had a good home. A man with

ch, are, in a sense, without joy and without enthusiasm; rather they shun recollection. There is no zest in the killing of men. Their thoughts, especially at this season, are directed away from the dull, mechan

ng Foes M

ford Courant,

itor of T

ficer and forwarded to the person to whom it was addressed. The writer was a French cavalry officer engaged to a young A

P.

One is an officer of a Scottish regiment and the other a private in the Uhlans. They were stru

tanch my wound with an antiseptic preparation served out to them by their medical corps. The Highlan

gain the German gave us a morphia injection and took one himself. His medical corps had also p

lived before the war. We all spoke English, and we talked of the women we had l

his drawn face and mud-stained uniform, he looked the embodiment of freedom. Then I thought of the Tricolor of France and all that France had done for liberty.

was dying in vain, while the Britisher and myself, by our deaths, would

eference to the failing l

ogy of

Fronts and Collateral Events from J

IN EAST

from the La

Russian lines near Bolinow by the use

; fighting on the Rawka and in the north; Russians ent

s are strengthe

he Austrians near the Nida; Aus

surian Lake region and threaten Mlawa; Austrians s

ns retake several positions on Bzura River; it

in Poland; Germans near Mlawa are in pe

artillery to hold the Donajec Riv

and progress along right bank of the

back to Radom; Russian capture of Kirlibaba

Austrians back in Hunga

inst Mlawa; Austrians rout Russians

a; invasion of Hungary halted; Russia

sing in Hungary; Russia

ans checked i

ns declare that Transylvania is safe; fierce fighting in

s; Russians seize Pilkalen; ten army corps are gath

athians is opening; Austro-German f

russia and the Carpathians; Russians cl

lway between Memel and T

ians gain in

IN WESTER

Rheims, and in Alsace; French Alpine troops

ch and Burnhaupt; French take

y lines to prevent reserves from

om Perthes, are trying to cu

Perthes; they are checked in Alsace; British forc

and to cross the Aisne, leaving guns and wounded; heights of Vregny are won in this fight by the Germ

er the Soissons defeat; Br

in Belgium; deadlock at La Ba

Boisselle; both sides are cl

ance in attempt to

earer Metz; British

me de Lorette; Germans retake Le Pretre woods; it is learned that the Soissons battle was won by von

ghting in Hartman

r Ypres and bombard left wing of A

arding Flanders towns; A

ing in Alsace; French gain toward Altkirch and destroy bridges over the Meuse

ée; Germans gain ground by vigorous

is being the Kaiser's birthday; the French claim that th

raonne; Germans make gains i

attempts to cross the Aisne;

mans win in

on La Bassée; zouaves and Indians wi

GN IN

ench win

itish take

ASIA MINOR

truction of railway line

t; reserve Turkish army, trying to

being fought for; Noury

d report Arab victory over Bri

ss Russian frontier; Turkish

rks advanc

orps cut to piece

oldiers are being

lans for a strategic railwa

check Turkish a

d El Kantara on the Suez Canal; three Turkish army

forced, attack Russ

y Erzerum, and order

ussians t

defeated nea

L RE

na that French dreadnoug

the German converted cruiser Prince

an submarines; bombardment of the Dard

Turkish mine at the Dardanelles; Italian

trol boat sunk by a mi

ser Karlsruhe repor

rine U-19 sinks Brit

ply ship sunk by A

o reach English coast; German battle cruiser Blücher sunk and two other German battle cruisers dam

alty denies that any

e British steamers in Irish Channel

two British steamers in English

AL R

houses; Belgian aviators give battle to the Germans at great altitude an

st in North Sea; nine aviators o

ur persons are killed, ten wounded, and considerable property damage is done; it is repo

ies drop bo

eport that a Zeppelin violated her ne

unkirk; it is reported that the

am that 400 German war automobiles

g down German airship

will be tried by military court and will not be tr

AN INT

of Missouri in which discrimination against Germany and Austria-Hungary is denied; twenty charges mad

IA-HU

ations in Vienna; Czech e

racow orders partial

will be joined shortly by Baron Burian, the new Austro-Hungarian Minister of Foreign

rlin for German Army Headquart

in many part

uthern Slavs because

f war are to be emp

nia against agitation among Rum

LG

ecause of his pastoral, read in the churches on Jan. 3, in which he told the Belgia

ut the report is denied by the Military Governor of Belgium

English churches; Belgian refugees are p

al Mercier expressed by King

an has asked Germany for an explanation regardi

Mercier pastoral is print

NA

ilitia and Defense, arrives in Vancouver to

etachments are en route; nine German prisoners escape from Halifa

ncluding two officers, k

YP

dive, calls upon Egyptians and S

GL

after discussion of recruitin

ppeals to women to i

letters destined for hostile countries

ficers, interned in Holland, e

an. 12 was 4,344, of whom 1,266 were killed, the rest being wounded

ia Crosses; London financial papers d

rd "blues" are se

e 178 peers serv

AN

rman surgeons and nurses held as pri

ent of war discussion in Parliament and say

darkened by

Kaiser, is sent to concentration camp after being a

the reason for lengthy casualty list being stated to be that the F

Asquith and party on way

RM

an Marino has been encouraging e

French prisoners to b

ent for aiding Belgians to escape to Holland; it is said that the Landstur

d that some of them are wounded and in hospital; sale of blankets forbidden in Berlin and Brandenburg; the stocks are to be p

iating for better treatme

at the prisoners of war held by G

officer charges cruelty

re offered to the firs

tification of cancellation of exequaturs granted by Belgian Government

nch charge that German soldiers reverse bullets for short-range fighting; wife of Greek Consul at Liége sentenced to prison for aiding

Foncier, or 7.2 per cent., of the total value of all France; according to the census of 1911 3,255,000 persons, or 8.2 per cent.

AL

garrison the Italian

serving with the French, arrives in Rome; many applications for nationality

st in event of war; a special police census shows 700,000 Austr

s; prominent Italians appeal to neutral countries to take

Radicals

ories are called to the colors; retired offic

y and navy supplies are p

in Rome agains

MA

zing 750,000 men, of whom 5

will soon enter war on side of Allies, her

tzerland summoned home

aced with Swiss firms

of army supplies to

SS

ith Cossacks and win

this year's recruits liable for

ome members of the imperial f

bogus proclamations, bearing Cza

for expulsion of Austr

ere will be no peace while a single sold

s form legio

EF W

relief cargo is on t

t on the Atlantic, or arranged for from the United States to Belgium amount to more than $14,000

olution of thanks to Americans, wh

and Austrian prisoners in Russia is halted b

ki by American Red Cross; Virginia and Maryland send Be

war fund thus far amounts to $1,188,000; forty-five American Red Cross surgeons and 150 n

for seeds for the Servian Spring planting; Dr. Wickliffe Rose and Ernest Bicknell, who have been in Russian Poland f

irty-five chartered steamships running between

s large consignment of supplies

od, in addition to supplies in sight, are needed for next three months

the 20,000,000 children of the United States help war sufferers

on denies that it has withdr

AJESTY K

LIAM W

ng Alber

ne who hath not

nces, nor w

as groveling

souls into it

homage that

owering out of

toils uncove

es, and serves th

people, caught

tless heart, the

h a throne to

as They to ha

aise than this

from lips of

N

the Beginning

ticles appear

"Militarism and

, 752,

F.D., sp

ussian, a

ine, poems,

eview of book, "In t

criticism of A

S, 659, 66

OT, 38

ian Advance in

ttle of,

A Clai

NIA,

Belgians, appeal t

n poems, 1

ht Atta

Gen.) E.H.H., 6

rman Lines N

147, 483, 488, 491, 4

Duke of, le

est on neutral

il in Judging

ON, sale

NNE,

"On the Impend

SSIAN Tr

Happy Tho

he "Chant o

istian W

, 682,

German Unive

merica for

he Civilize

ing the B

RATIO

es, 50

illiam, p

Barbari

Bey,

inifred,

Battle

, protest agains

appeal

a Sees th

h Fell Back

sted Our Fa

-BARTLE

r) H.H., critici

278, 279, 29

to Mayo

es, 30

er's Headqu

a Achilleio

erman, 104, 1

d by Bethmann

inst Belgia

statement

Putnam and R.F

by Lord Ch

chot

ficial re

s of the

n Tsing-

ria, see GERM

IA-HU

polic

s in Gali

of war on

ticised, 109, 136, 189,

y's Version of

ERMAN Tr

tish, defend

appeal

Russian lite

NA,

dor) George, on Russ

of intervie

tates, 1

N WAR

rbian Minister,)

of Fir

(Col.,) 1104

y: Which Was

ice, poems,

visit to Russ

f Dorkin

AIGNS, SEA fights

ince Rupprecht's

ion of article in Lond

e Supreme Court of

and repli

Gladstone Said A

"As America Se

attlegrou

ties Germa

ells Story of

n Ruin

Soldie

GIU

y,

s, 48

s of w

ok," 371

Treaty of London, opinion

nnett