The Human Race

affres, Hottentots, and Negroes. These general groups comprise an immense number of tr

re F

lat as those of a Negro. Possessing more aptitude for civilization than the other black races, they are associated together in large communities, each of which obeys a chief, and though half wandering in their habits, oc

and beer, and manufacture earthenware, are able to utilize metals, employ iron and copper, and know how to turn both into tools and ornamen

d stronger; they have well-proportioned limbs, a brown skin, black and woolly hair; the elevated forehead and the projecting nose of the European with the thick

-A C

with th

e the Amakisas, Amathymbas, or Tamb

warlike wandering hordes who have late

goa Bay, who bear a closer

tuated towards the north and in the interior, s

OF THE MOZAM

llent descriptions of them in his "Expedition to the Zambesi." They have made progress in arts and civilization, inhabit large towns, have well-b

thousand inhabitants, fields of corn several hundred acres in exte

ves and razors, construct their houses in masonry

that is to say, that portion of the east coast of Africa between the mouth of th

ntot

kin is of a dark yellowish hue, and it is only in consequence of their features and conformation, which are those of Negroes,

es, the houses of which being constructed of branches of trees and reed mats, were taken asunder on the signal of departure, and removed by oxen to the site of the new encampment selected by the chief. The wildest of them had for covering a cloak of sheepskins sewn together, and their weapons were a bow and poisoned arrows. This people w

reheads, small sunken eyes, extremely flat noses, and thick projecting lips, form the distinctive features of their face. In consequence of their miserable state of existence, they become worn out and decrepit early in life. They delig

HOTTENT

name of "The Hottentot Venus." The physical specialty which rendered her remarkable, and which consisted in a considerable development of the posterior muscles, was merely an individual anomaly, and does not permit of

l caves among the rocks, and a few individuals, even to the present day, occupy these same dens, whi

ing their weapons and their barbed or poisoned arrows. In times of scarcity, they eat herb-roots, an

ome other respects. Their cheekbones are high set and very prominent, and form almost an equilateral triangle with their sharp-pointed chin. Their teeth are very white. The women sometimes possess pleasing figures in early youth, but later on their breasts lengthen immoderately, their stomach becomes protuberant, and sometimes

o Fa

ast of Congo, along with the immense extent of country, as yet almost entirely unknown, which is comprised between Congo on

the incursions of Asiatic and European populations into Africa were always effected by the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea, the aboriginal blacks were thrust back more and m

by a queen, who sent ambassadors to England and France at the commencement of the present century. Finally, there are Negroes in the United States, and in the West Indies. From 1848, when slavery was declared abolished in the

y as regards organization, and then fro

kin. His protruding lips, low forehead, projecting teeth, woolly and half-frizzled hair, thin beard, broad, flat nose, retreating chin, and round eyes, give him a

ck. Dr. Madden has noticed skeletons of Negroes in Upper Egypt, showing six lumbar vertebr? instead of five, a fact which explains the length of their loins and shambling gait. The hips are less prominent than in a

se of the body are thicker and

roader towards the os sacrum, which renders delivery easy to a Negress. Accurate measurements

gro and the White, being very pe

e Negro's foot is flat, thus rendering it less fitted to support the body on marches. So apparent is this malformation in the black, that they say of him in America, "The sole of his foot makes a hole in the sand;" and it is easy, in consequence, to distinguish by a mere look the footprint of an European f

that their extremely dark hue by no means depends either on the intensity or brilliancy of the solar rays. White men are to be found in the central parts of Africa, in the Soudan and the Sahara, for instance, as well as among the Touaricks, whilst black tribes exist in countries subject to the mos

This penetrates into the hair, dyeing it black, and diffuses itself throughout the entire system even to the membranes surrounding the brain. This black mucous net

ZANZIBA

white woman, is called a mulatto, who is neither black nor white, but of a blackish yellow hue, and who has short and frizzly black hair. 2. The offspring of a white man and a mulatto woman, or of a Negro and a mulatto woman, is termed a quadroon, who, as regards colour, is a mixture of three-quarters white with one-quarter black, or three-quarters black with one-quarter white. In the first case

physical influences and the causes of deterioration or relapse in the colour of the human species. Only four or five generations of mixed blood are required in order to render the Negro stock white, and no more are wanted to make the white black. The union of a mulatto with a quadroon or

erent designations according to the countries. These men of colour are seen in many islands of Polynesia. Possessing neither the intelligence of whites nor the submissi

particular shade. The cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin of the White have each a different tinge. On the contrary all is black on an African visage, even t

isibly; but it is far from hard in all cases, being in some instance

t emits when the individual is heated by perspiration or exercise; the

e the wool of a sheep, and in contradistinction to the abundant supply of Europeans, the women among whom can even trail their lo

once perceptible whether the person has black, blue, or grey eyes. Nothing similar in the case of the Negro, where all parts of the eye are blended in the same hue. Add to this that the white of the eye is alwa

low, sluggish gait and invincible laziness provoke Europeans, who cannot understand so much indolence. The relaxation of t

said, with a black mucous deposit which gives it its colour. This viscid film envelopes the nervous ramifications beneath the cuticle, thus blunting the sensibility. The fine and delicate skin of the European experiences horrible torture under the lash; but even when he i

ble and lofty sentiments; the smaller it is, the nearer the head approaches to that of animals. A prominent forehead is the sign of a developed intellect, whilst protruding jaws reveal brute instincts. Consequently, the facial angle increases or diminishes according as the forehead or the jaws project forward. The facial angle of Europeans is about 761?2 degrees, som

Introduct

own day have established that not only is it the bulk of the brain which corresponds relatively with intellectual activity, but that the genuine indication revealing the superiority of mind

e half. The brain of a Negro is also perceptibly smaller than that of a White. It is the front part especially, that is to say the ce

ZIBAR NE

well as of working out his revenge. The people of the Black Race living in a free condition in the interior of Africa, demonstrate by their habits and the state of their mind that they can hardly get beyond the level of tribe life; and on the other hand such difficulty is experienced in many

rved to us the names of many illustrious blacks, among whom he mentions Jacob Captain, whose sermons, and theological writings, in Latin and Dutch, are truly remarkable. It is not from individual cases, however, but

o perish. The continual wars, too, in which they indulge against each other, equally impede the spread of their species, and notwithstanding the fe

is the trade which the blacks themselves are most eager to keep up. They s

sly from their country and transported to other climes to be reduced to bondage, or in other words to sacrifice life and strength for their master, and in serving him, to exhaust themselves by toil without gaining as much pity as is exten

cipated the slaves in all her possessions, and since 1860 or so, almost the whole of America has followed this example. Cruisers are now kept permanently on the coasts of Africa both by

cessantly waging war on each other in order to take prisoners and sell them to the traders who pay prohibited visits to their shores. Even now, convoys of capt

e in better accord among themselves. Fathers have some little love for their children, as

t a period yet more remote, prevailed among the Assyrians and Babylonians. Three thousand years ago the Arabians and Turks carried off Negroes. They ascended the Nile in large ves

ong the shores of the Gulf of Guinea, distinguish themselves among all other blacks by their callous and revolting inhumanity. To kill and slay is to them a pleasure, which anyone who can indulge in it rarely denies himself, and the post of executioner is sought for by the richest and most powerful in the land as affording an op

ccupations, are the Negress's lot in her own country; and it has been said, perhaps rightly, that the former slavery was possibly a benefit to her, as she at any rate changed tyrants. T

te to the great God, master of nature. Each person chooses for fetish whatever he likes-fire, a tree, a serpent, a jackal, water, a hog, down to a piece of wood shaped by the hand of man. The worship of the serpent is in much favour among

NEGRO V

necessary to render favourable to them. Hence the magicians and soothsayers whose duty it is to avert evil fate or hurtful destinies, and hence also the incalculable quantity of fetishes. Each Negro has

forgotten. When he has been snatched from tribe life, or freed from the chains that we

English in North America, Spanish in the Central and Southern parts of the New World, and Dutch at the Cape of Good Hope. They can even change their tongue with their masters. If a Dutch Negro enters the service of an Englishman, he will abandon his former idiom for that of the latter, and will forget his

ledge when compared with those of Europe. Towns, properly so called, in the interior of Africa are however very much scattered, but travellers bring to light fresh informati

alculate mentally with great rapidity,

ly enough to admit of the trades of founders and blacksmiths being carried on in every Negro village, and some e

G ON THE UP

sorgho wine, &c., are also manuf

rticular characteristics or behaviour if they show any ludicrous peculiarities. Negro humour is also generally gay and pleasant. They

e unknown to Negroes, and it is impossible to infuse into them the smallest capacity for such subjects, either by lesson or advice. Their temples

d and expressive recitatives at their festivals and sports, and in some Negro kingdoms a caste of singers is even to be

nd even stringed instruments, with from eight to seventeen strings, the latter being supplied from the tail of the elephant. They also possess instruments fashioned from the rind of

ZAMBESI

distance from home compelled him to return, he expressed his regret at leaving us, and was, of course, paid for his useful and pleasant flatteries. Another, though less gifted son of Apollo, belonged to our own party. Every evening, while the others were cooking, talking, or sleeping, he rehearsed his songs, which contained a history of everything he had noticed among the white men, and on the journey. In composing, extempore, any new piece, he was never at a loss; for, if the right word did not come, he didn't hesitate, but eked out the measure with a peculiar musical sound, meaning nothing at all. H

niments in fourths, sixths, and octaves, the other musical intervals being less familiar to them, except when sometimes employed to express irony or censure. The advanced state of music amidst the Negro tribes

that Negroes who live for several generations in the towns of the colonies, and who are in perpetual cont

ctims in every age. At the present day, thanks to progress and civilization, slavery is abolished in most parts of the globe, and its last remnants will not be slow to disappear. And thus will be swept away, to the h

ica. They are hardly looked on as human beings, and notwithstanding the abolition of slavery, are invariably kept aloof from the white population. Centuries will be required to efface among Americans th

inctions, so cruel and unjust to the unhappy people whom a fatal destiny has condemned to a state of perpetual m